Ancient Egyptians
A
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)
Pharaoh of Canaanite descent from the 14th Dynasty possibly identical to 'Ammu.
Queen
25th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-8th century BC)
Military commander
Ptolemaic
(fl. mid-1st century BC)
Commander under the Ptolemaic Egyptian king Ptolemy XIII. Executed at the orders of Arsinoe IV of Egypt by Ganymedes.
Diplomat
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)
Egyptian commissioner in southern Canaan mentioned in the Amarna letters. He probably served under Pharaohs Amenhotep III and/or Akhenaten.
Mistress
Ptolemaic
(fl. c. late-3rd century BC)
Mistress of the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy IV Philopator and sister of his chief minister, Agathocles. Together, they managed to achieve complete influence over Ptolemy IV.
Minister
Ptolemaic
(fl. c. late-3rd century BC)
Chief minister of the Ptolemaic king Ptolemy IV Philopator and brother of the king's mistress Agathoclea. Together, they managed to achieve complete influence over Ptolemy IV.
Queen
17th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Daughter of Queen Tetisheri and Senakhtenre Ahmose, and was probably the sister, as well as the wife, of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao. Ahhotep reigned as regent until her son, Ahmose I, was of age. Also known as Ahhotpe or Aahhotep.
Scribe
17th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)
Wrote the Rhind Mathematical Papyrus, a work of Ancient Egyptian mathematics. Also called Ahmose.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Pharaoh of the late 17th dynasty, his existence and complete name were confirmed by recent archeological discoveries.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
(reigned c. 1549 BC – c. 1524 BC)
Founder of the 18th dynasty. He was a son of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and brother of the last pharaoh of the seventeenth dynasty, Kamose. During his reign, he completed the conquest and expulsion of the Hyksos from the delta region and restored Theban rule over the whole of Egypt.
Princess
17th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao by his sister-wife Sitdjehuti. Ahmose was a half-sister of Pharaoh Ahmose I.
Queen
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Wife of 18th dynasty pharaoh, Thutmose I, and the mother of queen and later, pharaoh, Hatshepsut.
King's son High Priest of Re
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late 15th century BC)
Probably a son of pharaoh Amenhotep II. He was in office as High Priest of Re in Heliopolis during the reign of his brother Thutmose IV.
Military Commander
17th/18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid to late-16th century BC)
Served in the Egyptian military under the 17th and 18th dynasty pharaohs Seqenenre Tao, Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, and Thutmose I.
Prince
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and queen Ahmose Nefertari. He was the crown prince but pre-deceased his father.
Princess
17th/18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Daughter of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and probably Queen Ahhotep I. She was the sister of Ahmose I.
Princess / Queen
17th/18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Daughter of 17th dynasty pharaoh Seqenenre Tao by his sister-wife Ahmose-Inhapi. She was probably married to her half-brother Pharaoh Ahmose I. Ahmose-Henuttamehu was a half-sister to Queen Ahmose-Nefertari.
Prince / Queen
17th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Daughter of Pharaoh Senakhtenre Ahmose and was sister to Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao, and the queens Ahhotep I and Sitdjehuti. She was married to her (half-)brother Seqenenre Tao and they had a daughter, Ahmose-Henuttamehu.
Princess
17th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Probably a daughter of Seqenenre Tao. Her mummy was found in the Deir el-Bahri cache and is now in the Egyptian Museum in Cairo.
Princess / Queen
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Daughter of Ahmose I and Ahmose Nefertari, and was queen of her brother Amenhotep I.
Princess
17th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Probably the daughter of Seqenenre Tao and a sister of Ahmose I.
Princess / Queen
17th/18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid to late-16th century BC)
Daughter of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I, and royal sister and the wife of pharaoh Ahmose I. Following Ahmose I's death, Ahmose-Nefertari became the regent for her son Amenhotep I and ruled until he was old enough to rule on his own.
Military Commander
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th to early-15th century BC)
Egyptian official and military commander who started his career under Ahmose I and served all subsequent pharaohs until Thutmose III.
Prince
17th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Probably a son of Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and a brother of Ahmose I.
Princess
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Daughter of Pharaoh Ahmose I and sister of Amenhotep I. A colossal statue of hers stood before the eighth pylon at Karnak.
Viceroy of Kush
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Ahmose I. Possibly the first Viceroy to serve in that capacity. Early in the reign of Amenhotep I, the position passed from Si-Tayit to his son Ahmose called Turo.
Princess / Queen
17th/18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Princess
17th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Probably a daughter of pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and a sister of Ahmose I.
Viceroy of Kush
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Viceroy of Kush under Amenhotep I and Tuthmosis I. Son of Ahmose called Si-Tayit.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
(reigned c. 1353 BC – c. 1336 BC)
Known before the 5th year of his reign as Amenhotep IV (or Amenophis IV). He abandoned traditional Egyptian polytheism and introducing worship centered on Aten. Also called Echnaton or Akhenaton.
King of Kush
(reigned c. 350 BC – c. 335 BC)
King of Kush
(fl. c. early-8th century BC)
Founder of the Napatan royal dynasty and was the first recorded prince of Nubia. He unified all of Upper Nubia from Meroë to the Third Cataract. His successors would comprise the 25th Dynasty of Egypt.
King of Kush
(fl. c. mid-4th century BC)
King of Kush
(fl. c. late-5th century BC)
Kushite King of Meroe. The son of King Malewiebamani, and brother of Baskakeren. His predecessor Talakhamani was either an older brother or an uncle. His name is also written as Amanneteyerike, Aman-nete-yerike, or Irike-Amannote.
Pharaoh
26th dynasty
(reigned c. 570 BC – c. 526 BC)
Based at Sais and the successor to Apries. Under Amasis II, Egypt's agricultural based economy reached its zenith. He was able to defeat an invasion of Egypt by the Babylonian king Nebuchadrezzar II. Also called Ahmose II.
Pharaoh
12th dynasty
(reigned c. 1991 BC – c. 1962 BC)
First ruler of the 12th dynasty. Amenemhat I was a vizier of his predecessor Mentuhotep IV. He moved the capital from Thebes to Itjtawy.
Pharaoh
12th dynasty
(reigned c. 1929 BC – c. 1895 BC)
Third pharaoh of the 12th dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Senusret I through the latter's chief wife, Queen Neferu III.
Pharaoh
12th dynasty
(reigned c. 1860 BC – c. 1814 BC)
Sixth king of the 12th dynasty. Son of Senusret III.
Pharaoh
12th dynasty
(reigned c. 1815 BC – c. 1806 BC)
Seventh king of the 12th dynasty. Possibly a son of Amenemhat III.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
(fl. c. early 18th century BC)
Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears as 'Sekhemkare' in the Turin King List.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-18th century BC)
Seventh king of the Thirteenth Dynasty according to the Turin Canon.
Nomarch
12th dynasty
(fl. 20th century BCE)
Also known as Ameny, a governor at Men'at Khufu during the reign of pharaoh Senusret I.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-15th century BC)
High Priest of Amun during the reign of pharaoh Amenhotep II.
Prince
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)
Son of Pharaoh Thutmose III. He was the eldest son and appointed heir but predeceased his father.
Prince
18th dynasty
(fl. c. early-14th century BC)
Son of Pharaoh Thutmose IV. He died young and was buried in his father's tomb.
Vizier
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-15th century BC)
Served during the reigns of Amenhotep II and Thutmose IV.
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
(reigned c. 1051 BC – c. 1047 BC)
Second pharaoh of the 21st dynasty. Only ruled 4 years.
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
(reigned c. 1001 BC – c. 992 BC)
Son of Psusennes I and Queen Mutnedjemet. He was the successor to his father, and after c. 9 years of rule, he was succeeded by Osorkon the Elder. AMenemope was buried in Tanis.
Prince
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-15th century BC)
Probably a son of Amenhotep II. Known from stela from Giza, and possibly depicted on the stela of the royal nurse Senetruiu.
Princess
18th dynasty
(fl. c. early-14th century BC)
Probably a daughter of Thutmose IV. Buried with other royal princesses in the Sheikh Abd el-Qurna cache.
Viceroy of Kush
19th dynasty
(fl. c. early-13th century BC)
Served as Viceroy of Kush during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Seti I.
Scribe
Ramesside
(fl. c. late-12th century BC)
Amenemope, son of Kanakht, is thought to be the author of the Instruction of Amenemope, an Egyptian text written in the Ramesside Period. His discourses are presented in the traditional form of instructions from father to son on how to live a good and moral life.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
(reigned c. 1526 BC – c. 1506 BC)
Second pharaoh of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He was the son of Ahmose I and queen Ahmose-Nefertari. He inherited an enlarged kingdom formed by his father's military conquests and maintained dominance over Nubia and the Nile Delta. Also called Amenophis I'.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
(reigned c. 1427 BC – c. 1400 BC)
Son of Thutmose III and Queen Merytre-Hatshepsut. Also called Amenophis II'.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
(reigned c. 1391 BC – c. 1353 BC)
Son of Thutmose IV and queen Mutemwia. His lengthy reign was a period of unprecedented prosperity and artistic splendour, when Egypt reached the peak of her artistic and international power. Also called Amenophis III'.
Amenhotep IV (see Akhenaten)
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
Son of Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. Changed his name to Akhenaten in the 4th year of his reign.
Architect
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)
Amenhotep, son of Hapu, was an architect, a priest, a scribe, and a public official, who held a number of offices under Pharaoh Amenhotep III.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)
High priest in the Temple of Amun.
High Priest of Amun
20th dynasty
(fl. c. late-12th century BC)
High priest of Amun under the 20th dynasty pharaohs Ramesses IX to Ramesses XI. He was also the vizier and first prophet of Amun-resonther.
Prince
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-15th century BC)
Son and possibly the designated heir of Amenhotep II.
High steward of Memphis
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)
High steward of Memphis under Amenhotep III. He was one of the highest officials at the royal court.
Vizier
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)
Served during the reign of the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III. He was also director of Upper and Lower Egypt and overseer of all the works of the King in Upper and Lower Egypt.
Noble Woman
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-14th century BC)
First wife of the pharaoh Horemheb, the last ruler of the 18th dynasty. Amenia died before Horemheb became Pharaoh. Buried in Saqqara.
God's Wife of Amun
25th dynasty
(fl. c. 714 BC – c. 700 BC)
Divine Adoratrice of Amun
25th dynasty
(fl. c. 650 BC – c. 640 BC)
Daughter of the Kushite pharaoh Taharqa and was adopted by Shepenupet II, daughter of Piye, to become Divine Adoratrice of Amun.
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
(reigned c.1202 BC – c.1199 BC)
Noble man
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)
Egyptian noble who lived during the reigns of the Pharaohs Thutmose III and Amenhotep II.
Prince
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-16th century BC)
Eldest son and designated heir of Thutmose I. He predeceased his father.
Vizier
19th dynasty
(fl. c. late-13th century BC)
Vizier
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)
Held this position during the reigns of the Pharaohs Thutmose II and Hatshepsut and during the early years of the reign of Thutmose III.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-18th century BC)
Ruled during the early 13th dynasty. A pyramid in southern Dahshur was constructed for him. Possibly also known as Sehotepibre.
Governor of Sais
26th dynasty
(died c. 695 BCE)
Vassal of Shabaka of the 25th dynasty, installed as governor of Sais by him.
Prince
19th dynasty
(fl. c. 1280 BC – c. 1250 BC)
First-born son of the 19th dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Nefertari. He was the crown prince of Egypt but predeceased his father. His name is also written as Amonhirkhopshef and earlier in his life as Amun-her-wenemef.
Prince
20th dynasty
(fl. c. early-12th century BC)
Eldest son and appointed heir of the 20th dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses III.
Amyrtaeus of Sais
Pharaoh
28th dynasty
(reigned 404 BC – 399 BC)
Only king of the 28th dynasty of Egypt who ruled after the first Persian occupation of Egypt. Amyrtaeus started a revolt against Darius II of Persia in 411 BC and following the death of Darius declared himself king. Amyrtaeus was defeated in a battle with his successor, Nepherites I of Mendes, and executed. Also known as Amenirdisu of Sais.
King of Kush
(fl. c. mid-6th century BC)
Succeeded King Malonaqen and was in turn succeeded by King Amaninatakilebte.
Pharaoh, prince or chieftain
15th or 16th dynasty or contemporaneous with 12th dynasty
(fl. c. late-19th to mid-17th century BC)
Obscur semitic ruler during the second intermediate period. Possibly a vassal of the Hyksos, a Hyksos prince, or a Canaanite chieftain contemporaneous with the 12th dynasty.
Second Prophet of Amun
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)
Brother of Queen Tiye, the wife of Amenhotep III.
Priest of Monthu
25th/26th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-8th century BC)
Best known under the name of Ankh-af-na-khonsu, and as the dedicant of the so-called Stela of Revealing
High Priest of Ptah
21st dynasty
(fl. c. mid-10th century BC)
Probably served during the reigns of king Psusennes II and king Shoshenq I.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and of Itet.
Queen
18th dynasty
(fl. c. late-14th century BC)
Named Ankhesenpaaten at her birth, she was a daughter of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten and Nefertiti and became queen to her (half-) brother Tutankhamun. Following their marriage, the couple honored the deities of the restored religion by changing their names to Tutankhamun and Ankhesenamen.
Princess
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)
Probably the daughter of Ankhesenamun (who was named Ankhesenpaaten as a princess) and Akhenaten.
Queen
6th dynasty
(fl. c. 24th century BC)
Queen
6th dynasty
(fl. c. 23rd century BC)
Daughter of Nebet, the female vizier, and her husband Khui. Ankhesenpepi II was married to Pharaoh Pepi I and later was a queen to Merenre Nemtyemsaf I. Also called Ankhenesmeryre II.
Queen
6th dynasty
(fl. c. 23rd century BC)
Daughter of Nemtyemsaf I and she became the wife of Pepi II.
Queen
6th dynasty
(fl. c. 23rd century BC)
Queen of Pharaoh Pepi II. She was the mother of 7th dynasty king Neferkare II.
Prince, Vizier
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Official
22nd dynasty
(fl. c. mid-9th century BC)
Served under Pharaoh Osorkon II. His name is also written as Ankhrenepnefer and Ankhsherynefer.
Local King
Ptolemaic
(fl. early 2nd century BC)
Second king (reigned c.199 BC – c.185 BC) of a dynasty which controlled much of Upper Egypt during the reigns of the Egyptian kings Ptolemy IV and Ptolemy V. His name is also written as: Ankhonnophris, Khaonnophris, Chaonnophris and Ankmachis.
God's Wife of Amun
26th dynasty
(fl. c.mid-6th century BC)
Daughter of Psamtik II and his wife Takhuit. She governed Thebes until the Persian conquest of Egypt in 525 BC.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Nomarch of Hierakonpolis
10th/11th dynasty
(fl. c. 22nd century BC)
Nomarch of Hierakonpolis and a supporter of the Herakleopolitan-based 10th dynasty which was locked in conflict with the Theban-based 11th Dynasty kings for control of Egypt.
Vizier
13th dynasty
(fl. c. late 18th century BC)
Vizier during the reigns of King Khendjer and King Sobekhotep II.
King of Kush
(reigned c. 620 BC – c. 600 BC)
During his reign, Kush experienced a revival in its power in the region.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)
Obscure pharaoh of Canaanite descent reigning in the late 14th Dynasty.
Pharaoh
15th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-16th century BC)
Penultimate Hyksos ruler of Lower and Middle Egypt, belonging to the 15th dynasty and reigning towards the end of the Second Intermediate Period. Also known as Ipepi or Apophis.
Pharaoh
15th or 16th dynasty
(fl. c. mid to late 17th century BC)
Semitic ruler of Lower Egypt, easier an early Hyksos king of the 15th Dynasty or a vassal of the Hyksos kings.
Vizier
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)
Also known as Aperia. He was a vizier of Egypt who served during the reigns of the 18th dynasty pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten.
Pharaoh
26th dynasty
(reigned c. 589 BC – c. 567 BC)
During his reign, a civil war broke out between Egyptian army troops and foreign mercenaries in the Egyptian army. Egyptians turned for support towards a victorious general, Amasis II, who declared himself pharaoh and Apries fled Egypt.
King of Kush
(fl. c. mid-6th century BC)
Also known as Amtalqa, he was a Nubian king who was the son and successor of King Aspelta and Queen Henuttakhbit.
Regent, Minister
Ptolemaic
(fl. c. early 2nd century BC)
Also known as Aristomenes the Acarnanian. He was regent and chief minister of Egypt in the Ptolemaic period during the reign of the boy king Ptolemy V. Around 196 BC, Ptolemy V took personal control of his kingdom, but Aristomenes remained chief minister until he was removed from power in 192 BC.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(c. 305 BC – c. 247 BC)
First wife of Ptolemy II of Egypt. They had three children, including his successor Ptolemy III of Egypt. Around 274 BC, she was accused by Arsinoe II of plotting against him and went in exile.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(316 BC–270 BC)
Queen of Thrace, Asia Minor and Macedonia and wife of King Lysimachus, her half-brother Ptolemy Keraunos and later co-ruler of Egypt with her brother and husband King Ptolemy II Philadelphus.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(c. 246 BC – 204 BC)
Daughter of Ptolemy III and Berenice II. In 220 BC she married her brother, Ptolemy IV and became queen of Egypt. She reigned 220 BC – 204 BC. She was murdered in a palace coup, shortly after her husband's death.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(c. 68 BC–41 BC)
Daughter of Ptolemy XII Auletes. Arsinoe IV was a half-sister of Cleopatra VII and Ptolemy XIII. When Julius Caesar arrived in Alexandria in 48 BC and sided with Cleopatra VII, Arsinoe escaped from Alexandria but was later captured and taken to Rome. She lived in a temple in Ephesus until Cleopatra VIII arranged for Mark Antony to have her murdered.
Queen
Ptolemaic
fl. c. 4th century BC
Second wife of Ptolemy I Soter. Artakama married Ptolemy (then a general) in April 324 BC at the Susa marriage festival as ordered by Alexander the Great.
High Priest of Ptah
21st dynasty
(fl. c. mid-11th century BC)
Served as high priest during the reigns of Amenemnisu and possibly Psusennes I.
High Priest of Ptah
21st dynasty
(fl. c. mid-10th century BC)
Served during the reigns of King Siamun and King Psusennes II.
King of Kush
(reigned c. 600 BC – c. 580 BC)
Ruler of the kingdom of Kush. Egyptian forces invaded Kush because Pharaoh Psamtik II saw Aspelta as a threat to his authority over Upper Egypt. The capital, Napata, was sacked so Aspelta moved the Nubian capital to Meroë.
Queen
25th dynasty
(fl. c. late 8th century BC)
Also known as Akhetbasaken. She was the queen consort to pharaoh Taharqa.
King of Kush
(reigned c. 656 BC – c. 640 BC)
Nubian king who was the successor of Tantamani, the last ruler of the 25th Nubian dynasty in Egypt. In contrast to his predecessor, Atlanersa's kingdom was restricted to the region of Kush south of Aswan.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
(reigned c. 1323 BC – c.1319 BC)
Penultimate pharaoh of Egypt's 18th dynasty. He was pharaoh for a brief period, although he was a close advisor to two or three of the pharaohs who reigned before him and was the power behind the throne during Tutankhamun's reign.
Queen
13th dynasty
(fl. c. late-18th century BC)
Possibly the wife of the 13th dynasty king Sobekhotep II.
B
Vizier
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Also known as Khnumbaf. He was a vizier during the reign of king Shepseskaf. He was probably the son of the vizier Duaenre.
Pharaoh
24th dynasty
(reigned 725 BC – 720 BC)
Also known as Bocchoris. Was briefly a king of the 24th dynasty of Egypt. Based at Sais in the western Delta. Captured and executed by Shabaka, a king of the 25th dynasty.
King of Kush
(fl. c. late-5th century BC)
King of Kush (reigned c. 405 BC – c. 404 BC) and was probably a son of King Malewiebamani and the younger brother of King Amanineteyerike. He succeeded Amanineteyerike to the throne.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Also known as Baufre or Bauefre. Baufra was a son of Pharaoh Khufu.
Chancellor
19th dynasty
(fl. c. late-13th century BC)
Served under pharaoh Seti II and later became an influential powerbroker in the closing stages of the 19th dynasty. Executed.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Also known as Seuserenre Bebiankh. The successor of king Semenre.
Pharaoh
14th or 16th dynasty
fl. c. early to mid 17th century BC
Obscur ruler of Lower or Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. Only known from the Turin King List.
Queen
6th dynasty
fl. c. 23rd century BC
Princess
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)
Also known as Beket. A daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Princess
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-14th century BC)
Youngest daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and Tiye and thus the sister of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Queen
1st dynasty
(fl. 31st century BC)
Most likely a wife of pharaoh Hor-Aha, but she was not the mother of his heir, Djer.
Princess/Queen
Ptolemaic
(fl. 261 BC – 246 BC)
Also known as Berenice Syra. Daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy II Philadelphus and Arsinoe I. She married the Seleucid monarch Antiochus II Theos who divorced his wife, Laodice I. When Antiochus II died, Berenice claimed the regency for her son, Seleucus. However, both Berenice and her son were then killed by Laodice I.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(c. 340 BC – c. 275 BC)
Macedonian noblewoman who, through her marriage to Ptolemy I Soter, became the first queen of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt. Berenice travelled to Egypt as a lady-in-waiting to Eurydice, Ptolemy I's wife. Ptolemy I married Berenice in 317 BC.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(c. 267 BC – c. 221 BC)
Daughter of Magas of Cyrene and Queen Apama II. Her husband, Demetrius the Fair, a Macedonian prince, moved to Cyrene where he became the lover of her mother Apama. So Berenice had him killed in Apama's bedroom. Afterwards she married the Egyptian king, Ptolemy III Euergetes.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(120 – 80 BC)
Ruled jointly with her uncle/husband Ptolemy X Alexander I (101 BC–88 BC). After Ptolemy X died, Ptolemy IX Lathyros reclaimed the throne, but when he died in 81 BC, Berenice took over the throne. The Roman Republic intervened and forced her to marry Ptolemy XI Alexander II, but he had her killed 19 days later.
Queen
Ptolemaic
(77 BC – 55 BC)
Reigned 57 BC – 55 BC. She was a daughter of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V. After Cleopatra V's death, Berenice assumed the throne but was forced to marry Seleucus VII Kybiosaktes. So she had him murdered to remain sole ruler. After Ptolemy XII retook the throne with the aid of Roman soldiers, he had Berenice executed.
Queen
19th dynasty
(fl. c. 13th century BC)
Also known as Bentanath. A daughter and later wife of the 19th dynasty Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Queen
4th/5th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Her title as a priestess of Shepseskaf means she may have been a wife or daughter of Shepseskaf or she was the wife of king Thamphthis.
C
Prince/Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
47 BC–30 BC
Last king of the Ptolemaic dynasty of Egypt (reigned 44 BC – 30 BC). He was the son of Cleopatra VII and Julius Caesar. He was killed on the orders of Octavian. Full name: Ptolemy XV Philopator Philometor Caesar.
Servant to Cleopatra
Ptolemaic
c. 1st century BC
Trusted servant and advisor to the historical Cleopatra VII of Egypt. Died with Cleopatra.
Nomarch
Ptolemaic
c. 4th century BC
Greek of Naucratis in Egypt, was appointed by Alexander III of Macedon as nomarch of the Arabian district of Egypt and receiver of the tributes from all the districts of Egypt and the neighboring part of Africa (331 BC).
Queen
Ptolemaic
c. 204 BC – 176 BC
Reigned 181 BC – 176 BC. She was the daughter of the Seleucid king Antiochus III and queen Laodice III. As part of a peace treaty, Antiochus III agreed to Cleopatra I marrying Ptolemy V (193 BC). Upon her Ptolemy V's death (181 BC), Cleopatra I ruled on behalf of her young son, Ptolemy VI.
Queen
Ptolemaic
c. 185 BC – 116 BC
Reigned 169 BC – 145 BC, 130 BC – 127 BC, 124 BC – 116 BC. Cleopatra II was the daughter of Ptolemy V and Cleopatra I. She was the sister of, and later married, both Ptolemy VI (175 BC) and Ptolemy VIII (145 BC).
Queen
Ptolemaic
161 BC – 101 BC
Reigned 142 BC–131 BC and 127 BC – 101 BC. She was a daughter of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II. She married her uncle Ptolemy VIII. After the death of Ptolemy VIII (116 BC), Cleopatra III ruled with her eldest son Ptolemy IX and then with her second son Ptolemy X until Ptolemy X had her murdered.
Queen
Ptolemaic
c.135 BC – 112 BC
Daughter of Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. Cleopatra IV married her brother Ptolemy IX (c.119 BC), and later the Seleucid prince, Antiochus IX Cyzicenus. Cleopatra IV was executed at the orders of Antiochus VIII.
Queen
Ptolemaic
c. 95 BC – c. 57 BC
Illegitimate daughter of Ptolemy IX or a daughter of Ptolemy X. In 79 BC she married Ptolemy XII.
Queen
Ptolemaic
c. 75 BC – c. 58 BC
Older sister of Cleopatra VII and a daughter of Ptolemy XII and Cleopatra V.
Queen
Ptolemaic
69 BC–30 BC
Reigned 51 BC – 30 BC. Mistress of Julius Caesar and Mark Antony. Cleopatra ruled jointly with her father Ptolemy XII and later with her brothers, Ptolemy XIII and Ptolemy XIV, whom she married. She had relationships with Julius Caesar and Mark Antony.
Queen
Ptolemaic
c.135 BC – 69 BC
Daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. She was married to Ptolemy IX and later to the Seleucid kings, Antiochus VIII, Antiochus IX, and Antiochus X.
Queen
Ptolemaic
40 BC – 6 AD
Only daughter of Cleopatra VII and Roman triumvir Mark Antony. She married King Juba II of Numidia. Sometimes called Cleopatra VIII.
Ptolemaic Princess Seleucid Queen
Ptolemaic
c. 2nd century BC
Daughter of Ptolemy VI of Egypt and Cleopatra II. She ruled Syria from 125 BC after the death of Demetrius II Nicator. She eventually ruled in co-regency with her son Antiochus VIII Grypus, who poisoned her in 121 or 120 BC.
D
Queen
18th dynasty
(fl. c. 14th century BC)
Also called Dahamunzu. An Egyptian queen known from the Hittite annals The Deeds of Suppiluliuma, which were composed by Suppiluliuma I's son Mursili II. The identity of this queen has not yet been established with any degree of certainty and Dakhamunzu has variously been identified as either Nefertiti, Meritaten or Ankhesenamen.
Vizier
11th dynasty
(fl. c. 21st century BC)
Egyptian vizier of the 11th dynasty during the reign of Mentuhotep II.
Magician
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Soothsayer and magician in an Ancient Egyptian tale set in the era of Khufu, one of a number of stories to be found in the Westcar Papyrus.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)
Pharaoh of Egypt during the 13th dynasty. Also known as Tutimaios.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-17th century BC)
Native Egyptian king of the 16th Theban dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. His Horus name was Djedneferre.
King of Cyrene
Ptolemaic
(c. 285 BC – c.249 BC)
Reigned 250 BC – c. 249 BC. He was a son of King Demetrius I of Macedon and Ptolemais. When the Cyrenaean king Magas died in 250 BC, his widow, Apama II summoned Demetrius from Macedonia to become king of Cyrenaica and marry her daughter Berenice II. Shortly after his marriage to Berenice, Demetrius and Apama became lovers. In a jealous rage, Berenice killed Demetrius. Also known as Demetrius the Handsome.
Pharaoh
1st dynasty
(fl. c. 30th century BC)
Son of Queen Merneith. He was the first to use the title King of the Two Lands, and the first depicted as wearing the double crowns.
High Priest of Ptah
19th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-13th century BC)
High Priest of Ptah during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh, Ramesses II. Didia succeeded his father Pahemnetjer into the office.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Son of Queen Meresankh II and either pharaoh Djedefre or pharaoh Khafre. Also known as Djati, Zaty, Zati.
Vizier
6th dynasty
(fl. c. 23rd century BC)
Member of an influential family from Abydos; his mother was the vizier Nebet. His two sisters Ankhesenpepi I and Ankhesenpepi II married Pharaoh Pepi I.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Son of Pharaoh Khufu and brother of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre. Also known as Hordjedef.
Pharaoh
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Reigned c. 2566 BC – c. 2558 BC, the son and immediate successor of Khufu. Djedefre was the first king to use the title Son of Ra, which is seen as an indication of the growing popularity of the cult of the solar god Ra. Also known as Radjedef.
Pharaoh
30th dynasty
(fl. c. 4th century BC)
Reigned 362–360 BC. He was the son and immediate successor of Nakhtnebef. Also known as Djedher, Takhos and Teos.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Son of Rahotep and Nofret and nephew of the pharaoh Khufu.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
Reigned c. 2414 BC – c. 2375 BC
Built his pyramid at Saqqara instead of Abusir. Also referred to as Tancheres.
Pharaoh
7t dynasty
(fl. c. 22nd century BC)
7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
(fl. c. mid-11th century BC)
High Priest of Amun in Thebes. He was a son of Pinedjem I and succeeded his brother Masaherta during a time of great turmoil in the city of Thebes.
Prophet of Amun
22nd dynasty
(fl. c. mid-10th century BC)
Served as the 3rd or 4th Prophet of Amun and was the husband of Nestanebtishru (who was the daughter of Pinudjem II and Neskhons) during the reign of pharaoh Shoshenq.
Queen
3rd dynasty
(fl. c. 27th century BC)
Probably a wife of the 3rd dynasty Egyptian king Huni.
Princess
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Daughter of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
(fl. c. late-17th century BC)
Egyptian pharaoh belonging to the Theban 16th dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate period. Also called Djehuty Sekhemresementawy or Thuty.
Nomarch of Hermopolis Magna
12th dynasty
(fl. 20th-19th century BCE)
Mainly known for the fine decorations on his tomb depicting how colossal statues were transported.
General
18th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-15th century BC)
General under the Egyptian king Thutmosis III in the 18th dynasty. He led Egyptian forces in the capture of Joffa (modern Jaffa) in Canaan. Also referred to as Thuti or Thutii.
King of Hermopolis Magna
25th dynasty
(fl. late-8th century BCE)
Local pharaoh at Hermopolis Magna, vassal of the 25th dynasty.
Nomarch of Hermopolis Magna
11th-12th dynasty
(fl. 21st-20th century BCE)
Known for his large funerary equipment, exhibited at the Boston Museum of Fine Arts.
Queen
3rd dynasty
(fl. c. 27th century BC)
Wife of pharaoh Sekhemkhet from the 3rd dynasty. They were possibly the parents of pharaoh Khaba, Sekhemkhet's successor.
Pharaoh
1st dynasty
(fl. c. 30th century BC)
Egyptian pharaoh of the 1st dynasty. Also referred to as Wadj, Zet, and Uadji or Uenephes.
Pharaoh
3rd dynasty
(reigned c. 2668 BC – c. 2649 BC)
Best-known pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty of Egypt. He commissioned his official, Imhotep, to build the Step Pyramid for him at Saqqara. Also referred to as Netjerikhet, Tosarthros, Zoser, Dzoser, Zozer, Dsr, Djeser, Djésèr, Horus-Netjerikhet, and Horus-Netjerichet.
Prince
4th dynasty
(fl. c. 26th century BC)
Probably a son of Prince Kawab (son of Khufu) and Hetepheres II.
Duatentopet (or Tentopet)
Queen
20th dynasty
(fl. c. mid-12th century BC)
Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses IV and mother of Ramesses V.
Princess / Queen
21st dynasty
(fl. c. early-11th century BC)
Probably the daughter of Ramesses XI, last king of the 20th dynasty, and queen Tentamun. She married Pinedjem I, the Theban High Priest of Amun who effectively ruled Upper Egypt during the reign of Ramesses XI.
E
Mathematician
Ptolemaic
c. 276 BC – c. 195 BC
Eratosthenes was born in Cyrene (in modern-day Libya). He was the third chief librarian of the Great Library of Alexandria, the center of science and learning in the ancient world, and died in the capital of Ptolemaic Egypt.
Euclid of Alexandria
Mathematician
Ptolemaic
(fl. c. late 4th century BC)
Greek mathematician, known as the "Father of Geometry". He was active in Alexandria during the reign of Ptolemy I. In his best-known work, Elements, Euclid deduced the principles of what is now called Euclidean geometry. Euclid also wrote on perspective, conic sections, spherical geometry, number theory, and rigor.
G
Tutor of Arsinoe IV, Military Commander
Ptolemaic
(fl. c. 60 BC – 47 BC)
Tutor of Cleopatra VII's half-sister and rival, Arsinoë IV. During the civil war Ganymedes commanded Arsinoës' forces. In 47 BC Caesar won a decisive battle against Ganymedes who perished after fleeing the battle.
Princess
21st dynasty
(fl. c. late-11th century BC)
Egyptian priestess, daughter of Menkheperre, High Priest of Amun. Her mother was Princess Isetemkheb, a daughter of Pharaoh Psusennes I.
King of Tanis
25th dynasty
(fl. c. early-7th century BCE)
Local pharaoh at Tanis after the fall of the Tanite 22nd dynasty.
Queen
18th dynasty
(fl. c. early-14th century BC)
Daughter of Shuttarna II, king of Mitanni. To assist with political relations between the two states, Gilukhipa was sent by Shuttarna II to Egypt to marry the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III. Her name is sometimes written as Gilukhipa, Kilu-Hepa, or Kirgipa.
H
Hakor (or Akoris)
Pharaoh
29th dynasty
reigned 393 BC – 380 BC
Overthrew his predecessor Psammuthes. Hakor revolted against his overlord, the Persian King Artaxerxes, and with the support of Athenian mercenaries held off the Persians in a three-year war between 385 and 383 BC.
Egyptian noble
11th dynasty
21st to 20th century BC
Served as m-r-pr "majordomus" under Mentuhotep II and Mentuhotep III.
High Priest of Amun
25th dynasty
fl. 7th century BC
Son of Shabaka and High priest from the time of Tanutamani.
Astronomer
Ptolemaic
fl. c. 3rd century BC
Astronomer who lived in Ptolemaic Egypt during the rule of the Ptolemaic dynasty.
Governor
6th dynasty
fl. c. 23rd century BC
Governor of Upper Egypt and overseer of caravans. His primary business was trade with Nubia, forging political bonds with local leaders and preparing the ground for an Egyptian expansion into Nubia. Also known as Herkhuf or Hirkhuf.
High Priest of Ptah
21st dynasty
fl. c. late-11th century BC
Contemporary of Pharaoh Psusennes I.
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
King of Thebes during the early years of the reign of 22nd dynasty pharaoh Osorkon II.
High Priest of Amun
22nd dynasty
fl. c. late-9th century BC
High Priest of Amun during the reigns of the pharaohs Osorkon II, Shoshenq III and Pedubast I.
King of Meroe
fl. c. early 4th-century BC
Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c. 404 BC – c. 369 BC). Probably the son of Queen Atasamale and King Amanineteyerike. His wives were Batahaliye and probably Pelkha.
Chief Steward
25th dynasty
c. 8th century BC
Chief Steward of Amenirdis I. His tomb, TT37, is located in El-Assasif, part of the Theban Necropolis, on the West Bank of the Nile, opposite to Luxor.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
reigned c. 1479 BC – c. 1458 BC
Wife of Tuthmose II. Served as regent for her stepson Tuthmose III and eventually had herself depicted as Pharaoh.
Princess
5th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Her father was Pharaoh Djedkare. Also known as Hedjetnub.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Wife of Pharaoh Khafre. Her son was the vizier Sekhemkare.
Royal Seal-bearer
1st dynasty
fl. c. 30th century BC
Important official during the long reign of Pharaoh Den.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
May have been a daughter or granddaughter of Khafre. She did not hold the title king's wife. She is mainly known from her tomb, which is located in the central field of Giza.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Prince Nefermaat and his wife Itet. He is believed to be the architect of the Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt.
Priestess
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Egyptian Theban priestess who lived during the 19th dynasty.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Princess and queen, one of the eight wives of 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Either a daughter or a younger sister of Ramesses II as well as his wife.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Sneferu and married her elder half-brother Khufu.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Egyptian 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. She was a sister of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Priestess
21st dynasty
fl. c. 1000 BCE
Priestess and chantress of Amun at Thebes, mainly known for the alleged traces of cocaine and other New-World drugs on her mummy.
Princess
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Nefertari.
Princess
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-11th century BC
Her father was Pinedjem I, High Priest of Amun and de facto ruler of Southern Egypt and her mother was Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI.
God's Wife of Amun
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-10th century BC
God's Wife of Amun during the 21st dynasty. Her father was Pinedjem II, High Priest of Amun and her mother was Isetemkheb, Singer of Amun.
Chantress of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. early-10th century BC
Chantress of Amun during the 21st dynasty. Her father was Menkheperre, High Priest of Amun and her husband was Smendes II, High Priest of Amun.
Queen
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Great Royal Wife of Ramesses V. Also known as Ta-Henutwati.
Nomarch of Elephantine
6th dynasty
fl. c. 23rd century BCE
Performed several successful expedition in the South under Pepi II. After his death Heqaib was promptly deified.
Viceroy of Kush
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th-12th century BC
Viceroy of Kush during the reign of Ramesses II. His titles include: King's son of Kush, overseer of the Southern Lands, Fan-bearer on the king's right, Messenger to every land, etc.
General, High Priest of Amun, Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-11th century BC
Egyptian general and High Priest of Amun at Thebes during the reign of Ramesses XI. Herihor played an integral role in restoring order by ousting Pinehesy, viceroy of Nubia, from Thebes. He then assumed a number of titles, from high priest to vizier, before claiming to be pharaoh, although his power base remained limited to Thebes.
Physician, noble man
3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Official, physician and scribe who served under the pharaoh Djoser.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of pharaoh Sneferu and his half-sister, Queen Hetepheres I. Hetepheres married her younger half-brother Ankhhaf, who was a vizier.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of pharaoh Huni, Hetepheres is considered to have been the wife of Sneferu. Hetepheres was the mother of Princess Hetepheres and King Khufu.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Khufu, during his reign she married her brother, the Crown Prince Kawab, with whom she had at least one child, a daughter named Meresankh III.
Vizier
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century
Served during the reign of the 20th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses III.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-18th century
Pharaoh of the 13th dynasty, also called Awibre, known for his intact tomb treasure, in particular his Ka-statue.
Pharaoh
1st dynasty
fl. 31st century BC
Probably the second pharaoh of the 1st dynasty of Egypt.
King's Son
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Pharaoh Khufu. He married his half-sister Meresankh II and they had daughters named Nefertkau III and Nebty-tepites. Also known as Baefhor or Horbaf.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-14th to early-13th century BC
Last pharaoh of the 18th dynasty (reigned c. 1319 BC – c. 1292 BC). Before he became pharaoh, Horemheb was the commander in chief of the army for Tutankhamen and Ay and the legitimate heir of Tutankhamen. He appointed his vizier Paramesse as his successor, who would assume the throne as Ramesses I.
High Priest of Ptah
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-13th century BC
Served at the very end of the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Hori succeeded Neferronpet in office. Hori was a son of prince Khaemwaset and hence a grandson of Ramesses II.
Viceroy of Kush
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
Son of Kama, was Viceroy of Kush under the 19th dynasty pharaoh Siptah. He continued to serve under the 20th dynasty pharaohs Setnakhte and Ramesses III.
Vizier
19th/20th dynasty
fl. c. early to mid-12th century BC
Served during the reigns of the 19th and 20th dynasty pharaohs Sethi II, Siptah, Tawosret, Setnakhte and Ramesses III. Hori II was the son of the High Priest of Ptah Hori I and the grandson of Prince Khaemweset.
Viceroy of Kush
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Ason of the Viceroy of Kush, Hori I, and also served as Viceroy of Kush.
King's Son
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
Son of pharaoh Osorkon II. He was appointed by his father to the office of chief priest of Amun at Tanis to strengthen Osorkon's authority in Lower Egypt but Hornakht died at age 10.
Pharaoh
Between the 1st and 2nd dynasties
fl. c. 2900 BC
Ephemeral ruler during the interregnum from the 1st to the 2nd dynasty
Pharaoh
2nd or 3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Enigmatic pharaoh reigning in the confused mid-2nd dynasty or in the 3rd dynasty.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. 17th century BC
Hotepibre Siharnedjheritef was likely a son of Ameny Qemau.
Pharaoh
2nd dynasty
fl. c. 29th century BC
First king of the 2nd dynasty of Egypt. (or Boethos)
King
pre-dynastic
Also known as Seka, was a Predynastic ancient Egyptian king who ruled in the Nile Delta.
Noble man
Ptolemaic
fl. c. late-3rd century BC
Nubian noble who led Upper Egypt's secession from the rule of Ptolemy IV Philopator in 205 BC. His name is some times given as Hurganophor, Haronnophris, Harmachis, Hyrgonaphor, Herwennefer, or Horwennefer.
Divine Adoratrice
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century
Mother of Merytre-Hatshepsut, the Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose III.
Priest
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BC
"Scribe of Divine Offerings", "Overseer of Royal Cattle", and steward of Pharaoh Seti I. Known for his copy of the Egyptian funerary Book of the Dead.
Pharaoh
3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Last pharaoh of Egypt of the 3rd dynasty. He was the successor to Khaba.
High Priest of Ptah
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
High Priest of Ptah during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Huy was succeeded by Pahemnetjer.
Steward of Queen Tiye
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Superintendent of the Royal Harem, Superintendent of the Treasury and Superintendent of the House, all titles that are associated with Queen Tiye, mother of Akhenaten.
I
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep II and wife of Thutmose IV.
Steward
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-7th century BC
Chief Steward to the Adorer of the God, Nitocris I, during the reign of Pharaoh Psamtik I. His name is sometimes written as Aba or Abe.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. 17th century BC
Ibiau, Ibiaw or Wahibre Ibiau was an Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty.
Architect, Vizier
3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Served under King Djoser as chancellor to the pharaoh and High Priest of Re at Heliopolis. He was revered by later Egyptian dynasties as an architect, engineer, physician, poet and philosopher.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-18th century BC
Imyremeshaw Smenkhkare was an Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty.
Rebel Leader
Persian Occupation
fl. c. mid-5th century BC
Egyptian rebel ruler who was the son of a Libyan prince named Psamtik. In 460 BC, he revolted against the Persians with the help of his Athenian allies and defeated the Persian army. He was defeated in 454 BC by a Persian army led by Megabyzus. Inaros was captured and executed in 454 BC. Also known as Ienheru, or Inarus.
Ineni (or Ini)
Queen
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
Her husband was probably king Merneferre Ay.
Architect
18th dynasty
fl. late-16th and early 15th century BC
Egyptian architect and government official of the 18th dynasty, responsible for major construction projects under the pharaohs Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut and Thutmose III. Ineni expanded the Temple of Karnak and probably oversaw the construction of Amenhotep I's tomb and mortuary temple.
Princess
3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Only known child of Pharaoh Djoser and Queen Hetephernebti.
Local King
Third Intermediate Period
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Probably pharaoh Rudamun's successor at Thebes but was not a member of his predecessor's 23rd dynasty. Unlike the 23rd dynasty rulers, he was a local king who ruled only at Thebes. Also known as Iny Si-Ese Meryamun.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
c. mid-22nd century BC
Nomarch of Thebes during the first intermediate period, later considered a founding figure of the 11th dynasty.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Intef I Sehertawy was local Egyptian ruler at Thebes, Egypt. He was the first of his dynasty to assume the title of Pharaoh. His authority was contested by the other nomarchs of Egypt, but he had gained control over Koptos, Dendera and the three nomes of Hierakonpolis by the end of his reign.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
reigned c. 2118 BC – c. 2069 BC
Intef II Wahankh's capital was located at Thebes, Egypt. After the death of the nomarch Ankhtifi, Intef II was able to unite all the southern nomes down to the First Cataract. By the time Intef II died, he left behind a strong government in Thebes which controlled the whole of Upper Egypt.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
reigned c. 2069 BC – c. 2060 BC
Intef III Nakhtnebtepnefer was a king during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-18th century BC
Intef V Sehetepkare was an Egyptian king. His name is also written as Antef V or Inyotef V.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Intef VI Sekhemrewepmaat ruled from Thebes. He lived during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was ruled by multiple kings. His name is also written as Antef VI.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Intef VII Nubkheperre ruled from Thebes during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided by rival dynasties including the Hyksos in Lower Egypt. He was the brother of Intef VI and perhaps the son of Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf I. His name is also written as Antef VII.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Intef VIII Sekhemreheruhirmaat ruled during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was divided between the Theban-based 17th dynasty in Upper Egypt and the Hyksos 15th dynasty who controlled Lower and part of Middle Egypt. His name is also written as Antef VIII.
Vizier
12th dynasty
fl. c. mid-20th century BC
Egyptian noble who was overseer of the city and vizier under the Pharaohs Amenemhet I and Senusret I.
Royal Nurse
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-16th century BC
Mother of Queen Satiah, Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Thutmose IV.
Queen
5th/ 6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Daughter of Unas, the last king of 5th dynasty of Egypt. She married Teti, the first pharaoh of the 6th dynasty of Egypt. Their son was Pepi I Meryre and she acted for him as a regent after her husband's death.
Pharaoh
Predynastic
fl. c. 32nd century BC
Predynastic ruler of Egypt, earliest king of Egypt known by name. Ruled Upper Egypt at least as far north as Memphis.
High official
5th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
High official, Overseer of all the works of the King, Overseer of the expedition, Royal companion. Possibly A son of king Djedkare Isesi.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Secondary wife or concubine of Thutmose II. Iset was the mother of Thutmose III, the only son of Thutmose II.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-15th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III and his Great Royal Wife Merytre-Hatshepsut.
Princess-Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Amenhotep III and Tiye. She was a sister of Akhenaten. She later married her father.
Princess, God's Wife of Amun
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Ramesses VI and Nubkhesbed, and a sister of Pharaoh Ramesses VII. Also known as Aset, or Isis.
Queen
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Wife of Ramesses III and the mother of both Ramesses IV and Ramesses VI.
Princess
21st dynasty
fl. c. late 11th century BC
Sister-wife of the Theban High Priest of Amun, Pinudjem II. Isetemkheb was a daughter of the Theban High Priest of Amun and general, Prince Menkheperre, and his wife, Isetemkheb.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
One of the wives of Pharaoh Ramesses II and was the mother of his heir, Merneptah. Alternatively called: Isis-nofret or Isitnofret.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-13th century BC
One of the wives of Pharaoh Merneptah. Alternatively called: Isis-nofret or Isitnofret.
Priest
Roman Period
fl. c. 2nd century AD
Native ancient Egyptian priest. He led the native Egyptian revolt against Roman rule during the reign of emperor Marcus Aurelius.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and of Itet.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Prince Rahotep and Nofret and grandson of pharaoh Sneferu.
Priest
26th dynasty
fl. c. 5th century BC
Egyptian priest and administer of palaces. His undisturbed tomb was found in 1994.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
c. 1790 BC or 1740 BC
Only record of this Pharaoh comes from the Turin King List.
Vizier
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
High Priest of Amun
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-10th century BC
Served during the reigns of his father Pharaoh Shoshenq I and his brother Osorkon I. He was also general, army commander and governor of Upper Egypt.
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
fl. c. late-9th century BCE
Pharaoh of Upper Egypt and a co-regent with his father, Pedubast I.
Local Ruler
Third Intermediate Period
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Ruler of Leontopolis in the Egyptian Delta region. He was an ally of Tefnakht of Sais who resisted the invasion of Lower Egypt by the 25th dynasty Kushite king Piye. After Piye defeated Tefnakht's coalition and conquered Lower Egypt, Iuput II remained in power as the local governor of Leontopolis. Also known as Yuput II.
High Priest of Amun
22nd dynasty
fl. c. early-9th century BCE
Pharaoh
11th-12th dynasty
fl. early-20th century BCE
Egyptian or Nubian pretender to the throne, he was an opponent of Amenemhat I but was defeated by him.
K
Priest
4th-5th Dynasty
fl. 25th-26th century BC
Also called Sheikh el-Beled, he was a priest and scribe known for his wooden statue from Saqqara
King
Pre-dynastic
fl. c. 32nd-31st century BC
Ka, also Sekhem Ka or Ka-Sekhen, was a Predynastic pharaoh of Upper Egypt.
Director of the Palace
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of prince Kawab and Hetepheres II and grandson of the pharaoh Khufu. He served as the director of the palace.
Kagemni (II)
Vizier
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Vizier during the reign of king Teti. Kagemni's wife Nebtynubkhet Sesheshet was probably the daughter of Teti.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Last king of the Theban 17th dynasty (reigned c.1555 BC – c.1550 BC). He was probably the son of Seqenenre Tao and Ahhotep I and brother of Ahmose I, founder of the Eighteenth Dynasty.
Queen
22nd dynasty
fl. c. early 9th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Takelot I and the mother of Pharaoh Osorkon II.
Queen
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-10th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Sheshonk I and the mother of Pharaoh Osorkon I. Her name is sometimes given as Karamat
Queen
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Osorkon II. Karomama was probably a daughter of Pharaoh Takelot I.
Queen
23rd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Takelot II. Karomama was a daughter of the High Priest of Amun Nimlot and his wife Tentsepeh. Karomama was the mother of pharaoh Osorkon III.
God's Wife of Amun
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
God's Wife of Amun during the 22nd dynasty. Possibly a daughter of Pharaoh Osorkon II.
King of Kush
Second Intermediate Period
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
King of the Kushite Dynasty (reigned c. 760 BC – c. 752 BC). Kashta ruled Nubia and he also exercised a strong degree of control over Upper Egypt. During his reign, the native Kushite population adopted Egyptian traditions, religion and culture.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Eldest son of Pharaoh Khufu and Queen Meritites I and half-brother of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre.
Queen
12th dynasty or Second Intermediate Period
fl. c. late-20th century BC
Egyptian noblewoman with the title king's wife who was buried next to the pyramid of the 12th dynasty pharaoh Amenemhet II at Dahshur. For that reason it has been suggested she was his wife. May date to a later period however.
Pharaoh
3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty, possibly succeeded Sanakht, may be the owner of the Layer Pyramid.
Noble
Persian Occupation
fl. mid-4th century BC
Noble based at Sais in Lower Egypt. During the second Persian occupation of Egypt (343–332 BC) he led a revolt against the Persian rule with his eldest son. During the 330s BC, Khabash led an invasion into the kingdom of Kush but was defeated by king Nastasen. Also known as Khababash.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. early- to mid-18th century BC
Pharaoh of the 13th dynasty, successor and possible son of Hor Awibre.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-13th century BC
Prince, High Priest of Ptah
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-13th century BC
Son of Ramesses II and queen Isetnofret. He was a Sem-Priest and later High Priest of Ptah and governor of Memphis. Khaemwaset restored the monuments of earlier kings, such as Shepseskaf, Sahure and Nyuserre Ini, and restored the pyramid of Unas at Saqqara.
Prince, High Priest of Ptah
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
Son of Pharaoh Ramesses III. He was a priest of Ptah in Memphis.
Vizier
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-12th century BC
Vizier under king Ramesses IX, ordered and led investigation about some royal tomb robberies.
Pharaoh
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Reigned c.2558 BC – c.2532 BC. He was a brother of Djedefre. Khafre had his capital at Memphis and built the second largest pyramid at Giza and is thought to have built the Great Sphinx.
Princess
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Daughter of the 5th dynasty King Nyuserre Ini and was married to the King's vizier, Ptahshepses.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Probably a wife of the pharaoh Khafre and the mother of Menkaura and Khamerernebty II.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Probably the daughter of Pharaoh Khafre and Queen Khamerernebty I and was married to her brother Menkaura.
Pharaoh
15th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century
Last pharaoh of the Hyksos 15th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c.1555 BC – c.1544 BC), who ruled in the northern portion of Egypt. He was defeated by the founding pharaoh of the 18th dynasty, Ahmose I.
King
2nd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Thought to be the last king of the 2nd dynasty of Egypt. He led several significant military campaigns and built several monuments, still extant, mentioning war against the Northerners.
Guardian in the Place of Truth
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Guardian in the Place of Truth and servitor of Amun of Opet (Luxor) during the reign of Egyptian pharaoh, Ramesses II.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Vizier in the latter part of pharaoh Ramesses II. Khay was the son of Hai and Nub-em-niut.
Queen
26th dynasty
fl. c. late-7th century BC
Probably the wife of the 26th dynasty pharaoh Necho II. She was the mother of his successor, Psamtik II.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late 18th century BC
Earliest known Semitic king of an Egyptian dynasty.
Queen
12th dynasty
fl. c. early-19th century BC
Wife of King Senusret II and the mother of Senusret III.
Queen
25th dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Sister-wife of the Pharaoh Piye. Her name is sometimes written as Khenensaiuw.
Queen
1st dynasty
fl. c. 31st century BC
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Daughter of Menkaure, possibly a wife of Shepseskaf and mother of Userkaf.
Queen
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Wife of Egyptian Pharaoh Neferirkare Kakai. She was the mother of Neferefre and Nyuserre Ini.
Queen
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Nomarch of Asyut
10th dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BCE
Nomarch of Asyut, loyal to the pharaohs of Herakleopolis.
Nomarch of Asyut
10th dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BCE
Nomarch of Asyut under king Merykare, grandson of the namesake above.
Royal Manicurist
5th dynasty
Overseer of the Manicurists in the Palace of King Niuserre. Shares a tomb with Niankhkhnum.
Nomarch of Men'at Khufu
12th dynasty
fl. c. early-20th century BCE
Nomarch of Men'at Khufu under pharaoh Amenemhat I.
Nomarch of Men'at Khufu
12th dynasty
fl. c. 20th-19th century BCE
Nomarch of Men'at Khufu under Amenemhat II and Senusret II, known for his remarkable tomb at Beni Hasan.
Vizier
12th dynasty
fl. c. early-19th century BC
Son of the local governor Khnumhotep II, and was promoted high steward and then vizier under Senusret II.
Pharaoh
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Second pharaoh of the 4th Dynasty (reigned c.2589 BC – c.2566 BC). He is generally accepted as being the builder of the Great Pyramid of Giza. Greek name: Cheops.
Vizier
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Pharaoh Khufu and brother of pharaohs Djedefre and Khafre. His mother might have been Queen Henutsen. His wife was Nefertkau II and she was buried with him in Giza.
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BCE
Local pharaoh mainly known for his purported tomb, the so-called Pyramid of Khui in Middle Egypt.
Pharaoh
n.d.
n.d.
Extremely poorly known pharaoh, tentatively attributed to various dynasties from the First to the Second Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
15th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
King of the Hyksos 15th dynasty of Egypt. Also known as Seuserenre Khyan, Khian' or Khayan.
L
Queen
26th dynasty
fl. c. 6th century BC
Daughter of the Greek Cyrenaean King Battus III and his wife Queen Pheretima. Ladice married Amasis II.
Ptolemaic
fl. c. 4th century BC
Married to Arsinoe, daughter of Meleager, and reputed father of Ptolemy I Soter.
Princess
Ptolemaic
fl. c. 3rd century BC
Daughter of Ptolemy I Soter and Eurydice, the daughter of Antipater.
Prince
Ptolemaic
fl. c. late 3rd century BC
Son of king Ptolemy II Philadelphus and queen Arsinoe I. He survived both his brother Ptolemy III Euergetes and his nephew, Ptolemy IV Philopator, but was put to death by Sosibius, the minister and guardian of Ptolemy V Epiphanes.
M
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Daughter of the Hittite king Hattusili III and his wife Queen Pudukhepa. She was a sister of Hittite king Tudhaliya IV. Maathorneferure married the Egyptian 19th dynasty Pharaoh Ramesses II.
God's Wife of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid to late-11th century BC
Daughter of High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem I, who was the de facto ruler of Southern Egypt from 1070 BC onwards.
Queen
21st dynasty
fl. c. late-10th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Osorkon I and the mother of pharaoh Sheshonk II. Maatkare was a daughter of Psusennes II.
King of Cyrene
Ptolemaic
fl. c. mid-3rd century BC
Following the death of Ptolemy I, Magas tried to gain independence for Cyrene, until he crowned himself king around 276 BC. Magas and Antiochus agreed on a joint attack on Egypt but the armies of Ptolemy II defeated them. Magas managed to maintain Cyrene's independence until his death.
Maia (or Matia)
Wet-Nurse
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Wet-nurse of the Egyptian 18th dynasty king Tutankhamun.
Noble
18th dynasty
fl. c. late 15th century BC
Egyptian noble of Nubian origin. He probably lived during the rule of the 18th dynasty king Thutmose IV. He probably grew up in the royal nursery as a prince of a vassal territory and as an adult was an advisor or bodyguard to the pharaoh.
King of Kush
fl. c. mid-5th century BC
Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c.463 BC – c.435 BC). Malewiebamani's mother was probably Queen Saka'aye. Malewiebamani was the son of either Nasakhma (whom he succeeded) or Siaspiqa.
Historian, Priest
Ptolemaic
fl. c. mid-3rd century BC
Egyptian historian and priest from Sebennytos who lived during the Ptolemaic era. He was probably a priest of the sun god Ra at Heliopolis. Manetho wrote the Aegyptiaca (History of Egypt) which is of great interest to Egyptologists and used as evidence for the chronology of the reigns of pharaohs.
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-11th century BC
Succeeded his father, Pinedjem I, who had been also been the de facto ruler of Upper Egypt from 1070 BC. Masaharta's mother was Duathathor-Henuttawy, the daughter of Ramesses XI.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
High Priest of Amun during the reign of king Akhenaten.
Treasurer
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-14th century BC
Overseer of the Treasury during the reign of the pharaohs Tutankhamun, Ay and Horemheb. Maya collected taxes and performed other services such as supervising the preparation of their tombs.
Queen
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-7th century BC
Daughter of the High Priest of Re Harsiese, and the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Psamtik I. Mehytenweskhet was the mother of Necho II, the Divine Adoratrice of Amun Nitocris I and a daughter, Meryetneith.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and his wife Nefertiti.
Treasurer
11th dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BC
Chancellor (treasurer) and chief steward during the reign of the 11th dynasty Egyptian kings Mentuhotep II and Mentuhotep III.
Menes also Meni
Pharaoh
1st dynasty
fl. 31st century BC
Legendary pharaoh of the early dynastic period, credited by classical tradition with having united Upper and Lower Egypt, and being the founder of the 1st dynasty of Egypt. Mainstream consensus identifies him with Narmer.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Minor foreign-born wife of pharaoh Thutmose III who was buried in a lavishly furnished rock-cut tomb in Wady Gabbanat el-Qurud.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
May have been a son of king Niuserre. Queen Meresankh IV and Queen Khuit I may have been consorts for Menkauhor. Menkauhor's successor, Djedkare Isesi, may have been his son.
Pharaoh
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Reigned c. 2532 BC – c. 2503 BC, and ordered the construction of the third and smallest of the Pyramids of Giza. His chief queen was Khamerernebty II. He was the successor of Khafre.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
High Priest of Amun during the reign of pharaoh Thutmose III. He was possibly the uncle of Menkheperreseneb II.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
High Priest of Amun, Superintendent of the Gold and Silver Treasuries and Chief of the Overseers of Craftsmen. He served during the reign of pharaoh Thutmose III.
Prince
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
One of two known sons of Pharaoh Thutmose III and his wife Merytre-Hatshepsut.
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. late-11th century BC
Son of pharaoh Pinedjem I and queen Henuttawy. He was the High Priest of Amun at Thebes and de facto ruler of southern Egypt. Menkheperre married his niece Isetemkheb, daughter of his brother Psusennes I and wife Wiay.
Artisan, Scribe
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Egyptian artisan and "Scribe of the Fields of the Lord of the Two Lands" probably during the reign of the 18th dynasty king Thutmose IV.
Prince,
20th dynasty
fl. c. 12th century BC
One of the sons of Ramesses III and Iset Ta-Hemdjert
Prince
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-12th century BC
Egyptian prince during the 20th dynasty, a son of Pharaoh Ramesses IX.
Treasurer
12th dynasty
fl. c. late-20th century BC
Egyptian official and treasurer under the 12th dynasty pharaoh Senusret I.
Queen
16th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th century BC
Possibly the queen consort of the pharaoh Djehuti Sekhemresementawy.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Local Egyptian prince at Thebes who became the first acknowledged ruler of the 11th dynasty by assuming the title of first supreme chief of Upper Egypt and, later, declaring himself king over all Egypt.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BC
Son of Intef III and Iah. His wife was Tem. His only known son was Mentuhotep III. He was able to effectively reunite ancient Egypt for the first time since the 6th dynasty.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BC
Continued the building program of his father Mentuhotep II.
Pharaoh
11th dynasty
fl. c. 20th century BC
Last king of the Egyptian 11th Dynasty (reigned c. 1997 BC – c. 1991 BC).
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-18th century BC
Pharaoh of Egypt in the 13th dynasty.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th century BC
Pharaoh of Egypt of the 16th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period. His predecessor was Sekhemre Sankhtawy Neferhotep III. Mentuhotep VI was succeeded by Nebiriau I.
Pharaoh
16th or 17th dynasty
fl. c. 1630 BC
Pharaoh during the fragmented second intermediate period ruling over little more than Thebes itself.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Minor foreign-born wife of the 18th dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III who was buried in a lavishly furnished rock-cut tomb in Wady Gabbanat el-Qurud.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
fl. c. early-17th century BC
One of the few attested pharaohs of the 14th dynasty, reigning from Avaris over the eastern Nile Delta.
Vizier
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
First served at the court of the pharaoh Teti, possibly became vizier during the reign of Userkare, and was dismissed during the reign of Pepi I. (or Unisankh and Fefi)
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
6th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Briefly king during the 6th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 2184 BC – c. 2183 BC), succeeding his long-lived father Pepi II Neferkare.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Rahotep and Nofret and niece of pharaoh Khufu.
Vizier
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Vizier to the pharaoh Teti and married Teti's daughter, Hert-watet-khet.
Priestess
fl. c. 8th century BC
Ancient Egyptian singer-priestess in the inner sanctum at the temple in Karnak.
Queen
3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Possibly a lesser wife of pharaoh Huni. Meresankh was the mother of the 4th dynasty pharaoh Sneferu.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Khufu and Queen Meritites I. She was probably married her half-brother Djedefre, but it is also possible she married the pharaoh Khafre.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Hetepheres II and Prince Kawab. She married king Khafre.
Queen
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Could have been queen to king Menkauhor Kaiu or Djedkare Isesi.
Queen
12th dynasty
fl. c. mid-19th century BC
Probably the wife of Senusret III. She was the first Egyptian queen consort to bear the title Great Royal Wife, which became the standard title for chief wives of pharaohs.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
Son and successor of Merneferre Ay and a king of the late 13th dynasty of Egypt.
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BC
Pharaoh during the 10th dynasty of Egypt who controlled territories based around Herakleopolis.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III and Merytre-Hatshepsut.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Daughter and later Great Royal Wife of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II. Her name is also written as Meritamun, Merytamen, Merytamun, and Meryt-Amen.
Princess-Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Smenkhkare. Meritaten was a daughter of pharaoh Akhenaten and queen Nefertiti. Meritaten also may have ruled as pharaoh in her own right under the name, Ankhkheperure Neferneferuaten.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Probably the daughter of Meritaten, the eldest daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Sneferu. Meritites married her elder half-brother the pharaoh Khufu.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of pharaoh Khufu and his younger half-sister Meritites I. She married Akhethotep, who was a Director of the Palace.
Physician
2nd dynasty
fl. c. 28th century BC
Female physician who lived during the 2nd dynasty in Egypt.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
Poorly known pharaoh of the late 13th dynasty during the second intermediate period.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
Poorly known pharaoh of the late 13th dynasty during the second intermediate period.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
Longest reigning king of the 13th Dynasty.
Queen
1st dynasty
fl. c. 30th century BC
Queen consort and a regent of Egypt during the 1st dynasty. She may have been a ruler of Egypt in her own right. She was king Djet's senior royal wife and the mother of Den.
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid to late-13th century BC
Son of Ramesses II. Merneptah had to carry out several military campaigns during his reign,including against the Libyans, who he defeated with the assistance of the Sea Peoples.
Prince
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Egyptian prince during the 19th dynasty, who was probably the son of the pharaoh Merenptah.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Minor foreign-born wife of the 18th dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Thutmose III who was buried in a lavishly furnished rock-cut tomb in Wady Gabbanat el-Qurud.
Official
11th dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BC
Egyptian official under king Mentuhotep II during the 11th dynasty. Meru was overseer of sealers at the royal court and therefore one of the highest state officials.
High Priest of Re
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Egyptian prince and High Priest of Re, the son of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses II and Nefertari.
High Priest of Re
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Egyptian prince and High Priest of Re. He was a son of the 20th dynasty pharaoh Ramesses III.
Pharaoh
10th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BCE
Possibly the founder of the Herakleopolite 10th dynasty.
Pharaoh
9th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BCE
Likely the founder of the Herakleopolite 9th dynasty, thus the Greek Achthoes. Also known as Meryibtawy.
Viceroy of Kush
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Viceroy of Kush under Amenhotep III. He served for almost the entire four decades of that reign.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
High Priest of Amun during the reign of the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III.
High Priest of the Aten
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Hereditary Noble and High Official and Fan-bearer on the Right Side of the King which emphasised his close relationship to the 18th dynasty king Akhenaten.
Steward
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Superintendent to the 18th dynasty Egyptian queen Nefertiti and was also Royal Scribe, Steward and Overseer of the Two Treasuries and of the Royal Harem of Nefertiti.
Vizier
19th Dynasty
fl. c. late-13th century BC
Served during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Merenptah.
Vizier
6th Dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Served as vizier to Pepi I. He was the son of the vizier Mereruka. His mother was princess Sesheshet Watetkhetor.
Queen
18th Dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Thutmose III and the mother of Amenhotep II. She was the daughter of a priestess Hui.
Nomarch of Asyut
11th Dynasty
fl. c. 2000 BCE
Known for his tomb in Asyut and particularly for the several soldier models within.
Prince
2nd Dynasty
fl. c. late 27th century BC
Son of a king of the late 2nd Dynasty or early 3rd Dynasty.
Prince
4th Dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Probably a son of Prince Kawab and Hetepheres II. He was a grandson of Pharaoh Khufu.
Vizier
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Pharaoh Khufu. His mother may have been Queen Henutsen. He served as vizier during his father's reign.
Nobleman
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Great-nephew of Minkhaf I and great-grandson of Khufu.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
High Priest of Amun during the reign of Ahmose I, an 18th dynasty king of Egypt.
Overseer of the Works
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-15th century BC
Overseer of works for the 18th dynasty pharaohs Thutmose III and Amenhotep II and took part in expeditions to Syria and Nubia.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Egyptian noblewoman and possibly the sister of the 18th dynasty Great Royal Wife Nefertiti. (or Benretmut)
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Minor wife of the 18th dynasty Egyptian king Thutmose IV and the mother of Amenhotep III.
Pharaoh
29th dynasty
fl. c. early-4th century BCE
Maybe an ephemeral pharaoh usurper of the 29th dynasty.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-14th century BC
Also known as Mutnedjemet, Mutnodjmet, and Mutnodjemet. She was the Great Royal Wife of Horemheb, the last king of the 18th dynasty.
Queen
21st dynasty
fl. c. late-11th century BC
Great Royal Wife of her brother, Psusennes I, and was the mother of Pharaoh Amenemope. She was the daughter of the High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem I.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-16th century BC
Queen of Thutmose I, and the mother of Thutmose II. She was probably a daughter of Ahmose I and a sister of Amenhotep I.
N
General
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
General during the reign of Pharaoh Tutankhamun. Nakhtmin may have been the son and heir of Pharaoh Ay but died before the end of the Ay's reign.
Nakhtpaaten (or Nakht)
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Vizier of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nakhtpaaten succeeded the vizier Ramose in office. Known from his tomb in Amarna.
Queen
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-6th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Amasis II. Name also written as Nakhtbastetiru.
Queen
25th dynasty
fl. c. late-8th century BC
Naparaye was the daughter of King Piye and the sister-wife of King Taharqa.
Pharaoh
1st dynasty
fl. c. 31st century BC
Pharaoh who is thought to be the successor to the proto-dynastic pharaohs Scorpion and/or Ka, and possibly the unifier of Egypt and founder of the 1st dynasty, and therefore the first pharaoh of all Egypt.
King of Kush
fl. c. mid-5th century BC
Kushite King of Meroe. He was the successor to king Siaspiqa. (or Nasakhmaqa)
King of Kush
fl. c. late-4th century BC
King of Kush (reigned c. 335 BC – c. 310 BC). Probably the son of King Harsiotef and Queen Pelkha and his wife may have been Sekhmakh. Nastasen defeated an invasion of Kush from Upper Egypt led by a local ruler, Khabbash.
Princess
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-11th century BC
Also known as Nany or Entiuny. She was probably a daughter of High Priest, later Pharaoh Pinedjem I.
Vizier
18th- 19th dynasty
fl. c. early to mid-13th century BC
Vizier during the late 18th and early 19th dynasties of Egypt. He held that office from the reign of Horemheb to the reign of Ramesses II.
High steward
13th dynasty
c. 1730 BC
Royal acquaintance and high steward during the reigns of Neferhotep I and Sobekhotep IV of the mid 13th Dynasty.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of pharaoh Khafre and queen Meresankh III. He was Chief Justice and Vizier to the pharaoh Menkaure.
Vizier
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Female vizier who held the office during the reign of Pepi I. Nebet's two daughters, Ankhesenpepi I and Ankhesenpepi II married Pepi I. She was married to Khui and their son Djau was a vizier.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Amenhotep III and wife Tiye. She was a younger sister of Akhenaten.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Granddaughter of Pharaoh Thutmose IV and the daughter of Prince Siatum.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose III and his wife Merytre-Hatshepsut.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. 14th century BC
Queen of an unidentified Pharaoh. Her name is only known from an alabaster canopic fragment found in the valley of the Queens.
Princess- Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Daughter and a Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Also known as Nebiryerawet I. A pharaoh of the 16th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
fl. c. 19th century BC
Also known as Nebiryerawet II. A pharaoh of the 16th Theban dynasty based in Upper Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
Vizier
16th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Ancient Egyptian official under king Senusret III.
Pharaoh
9th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Pharaoh of the Herakleopolite 9th dynasty, also mentioned on The Eloquent Peasant.
Pharaoh
16th or 17th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Obscur pharaoh of the early 17th dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Prince, High Priest of Re
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-12th century BC
High Priest of Re in Heliopolis. He was probably a son of Ramesses IX.
High Priest of Amun
19th dynasty
fl. c. early-13th century BC
High Priest of Amun under pharaoh Seti I. Nebneteru's wife, Merytre, was Chief of the Harem of Amun.
Pharaoh
14th Dynasty
fl. c. early 17th century BC
Obscur king of the 14th Dynasty, attested by a single inscription on a jar and the Turin canon.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Nebty-tepites was a daughter of Prince Horbaef and his half-sister Meresankh II. After Horbaef's death, Meresankh married either the pharaoh Djedefra or the pharaoh Khafre.
High Priest of Osiris
18th dynasty
fl. c. 15th century BCE
High Priest of Osiris under the pharaohs Hatshepsut, Thutmose III and Amenhotep II.
High Priest of Amun
19th dynasty
fl. c. early-13th century BC
High Priest of Amun at the beginning of the reign of Ramesses II. Prior to that, Nebwenenef had served as High Priest of Anhur and High Priest of Hathor during the reign of Seti I.
King of Sais
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-7th century BC
Also known as Nekau I. Governor of the Egyptian city of Sais. He was the first attested local Saite king of the 26th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 672 BC–c. 664 BC). He was killed by an invading Kushite force under Tantamani.
Pharaoh
26th dynasty
fl. c. late-7th century BC
Also known as Nekau II (reigned c. 610 BC–c. 595 BC). Following the collapse of the Assyrian Empire, the Babylonians under Nebuchadrezzar II fought the armies of Pharaoh Necho II. The Egyptians were defeated and eventually expelled from Syria.
Pharaoh
30th dynasty
reigned 380 BC – 362 BC
Also known as Nekhtnebef. Nectanebo deposed and killed Nefaarud II, starting the last dynasty of Egyptian kings. He spent much of his reign defending his kingdom against Persian reconquest but still erected many monuments and temples.
Pharaoh
30th dynasty
reigned 360 BC – 343 BC
Also known as Nakhthoreb, the last king of the 30th dynasty and the last native Egyptian ruler in antiquity. He was placed on the throne by the Spartan king Agesilaus II, who helped him overthrow Teos and fight off a rival pretender. Nectanebo II was defeated by the Persian king Artaxerxes III, and went into exile in Nubia. Egypt once again became a satrapy of the Persian Empire.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Rahotep and Nofret and niece of pharaoh Khufu.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. early- to mid-18th century BC
Ephemeral ruler of the 13th dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period. Known only from the Turin canon.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Also known as Raneferef. He reigned c. 2460 BC – c. 2453 BC.
Queen
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Sahure. Her name is sometimes written as Neferet-ha-Nebti, or Neferetnebti.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-18th century BC
Son of a Theban military family and brother of King Sobekhotep IV.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th century BC
King during the Theban 16th Dynasty.
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Reigned c. 2161 BC – c. 2160 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Reigned c. 2477 BC – c. 2467 BC. He married Queen Khentkaus II.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been an 8th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
9th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
King during the 9th dynasty of Egypt controlling territories based around Herakleopolis.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period. His mother was probably Queen Ankhesenpepi II and his father was probably Pepi II Neferkare.
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been an 8th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
King of Tanis
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-7th century BCE
Last local ruler of Tanis who finally submitted himself to Psamtik I of the 26th dynasty.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Rahotep and Nofret and nephew of pharaoh Khufu.
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Reigned c. 2163 BC–c. 2161 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Reigned c. 2167 BC–c. 2163 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Vizier
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of pharaoh Sneferu. He was a vizier and was a half-brother of Khufu. Nefermaat's wife was Itet.
Vizier
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Vizier during the reign of his cousin pharaoh Khafre. Nefermaat was a son of Princess Nefertkau .
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Female Egyptian pharaoh (reigned c.1335 BC – c.1333 BC) toward the end of the Amarna era during the 18th Dynasty. She was probably a daughter of pharaoh Akhenaten.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and his Great Royal Wife Nefertiti.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and Great Royal Wife Nefertiti.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Egyptian vizier and a High Priest of Ptah during the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Nefersheshemre called Seshi
Vizier
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Vizier during the early to middle part of the reign of the 6th dynasty Egyptian pharaoh Teti.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Also known as Nefertari Merytmut, one of the Great Royal Wives of pharaoh Ramesses II.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Khufu and sister of Hetepheres II and Khafre.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Akhenaten. Nefertiti is also known for her bust which was attributed to the sculptor Thutmose.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of pharaoh Sneferu and a half-sister to Khufu.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Wife and sister of Prince Khufukhaf I, son of the 4th dynasty pharaoh Khufu.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Probably a daughter of Meresankh II and Prince Horbaef. She was married to an official named Iynefer.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of pharaoh Sneferu and she was a half-sister to pharaoh Khufu.
Queen
12th dynasty
fl. c. mid-20th century BC
Daughter of Amenemhat I, wife of her brother, Senusret I, and the mother of Amenemhat II.
Princess
12th dynasty
fl. c. late-19th century BC
Also known as Ptahneferu, a daughter of the Egyptian king Amenemhat III of the 12th dynasty. Her sister was the Pharaoh Sobekneferu.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-15th century BC
Daughter of two pharaohs, Hatshepsut and Thutmose II. She served in high offices in the Egyptian government and the religious administration.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-15th century BC
Sometimes called Akhbetneferu. She was the daughter of Pharaoh Thutmose I and Ahmose, the sister of Hatshepsut and the half-sister of Thutmose II.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
fl. c. late-18th century BC
Ruler during the 14th dynasty of Egypt of the Second Intermediate Period.
Queen
6th dynasty
fl. c. 23rd century BC
One of the queens of the 6th dynasty pharaoh Pepi II. Neith was probably a daughter of the pharaoh Pepi I and queen Ankhesenpepi I, making her half-sister to pharaoh Pepi II. Neith may be the mother of pharaoh Nemtyemsaf II.
Pharaoh
6th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Reigned c. 2183 BC – c. 2181 BC, and was an obscure successor to Merenre Nemtyemsaf II towards the end of the 6th dynasty of Egypt.
Pharaoh
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-7th century BC
Reigned c. 678 BC – c. 672 BC during the 26th Saite dynasty of Egypt.
Pharaoh
29th dynasty
reigned 399 BC – 393 BC
Also known as Nefaarud I. He founded the 29th dynasty of Egypt by defeating and then executing Amyrtaeus. Nepherites was a native of Mendes, which he made his capital. He supported Sparta in its war against the Persians by supplying them with grain and ship building material.
Pharaoh
29th dynasty
reigned 380 BC
Also known as Nefaarud II, a pharaoh of Egypt. Following the death of his father Hakor, he was the last pharaoh of the 29th dynasty. He was deposed and killed by Nectanebo I after ruling Egypt for only 4 months.
Noble Woman
21st dynasty
fl. c. early-10th century BC
Daughter of the Egyptian nobleman and High Priest of Amun, Pinedjem II, and his wife Neskhons.
Queen
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
Wife of Sheshonk II and the mother of Pharaoh Harsiese. She was also a Chantress of Amun.
Queen
22nd dynasty
fl. c. 9th century BC
Wife of Pharaoh Sheshonk II and the mother of Prince Osorkon D.
Princess
21st dynasty
fl. c. late-11th century BC
Daughter of Smendes II and Takhentdjehuti, and wed her paternal uncle, High Priest Pinedjem II.
Neterkheperre Meryptah called Pipi II
High Priest of Ptah
21st dynasty
fl. c. early-10th century BC
High Priest of Ptah during the reigns of the pharaohs Psusennes I, Amenemope, Osochor and Siamun.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of the Egyptian pharaoh Sneferu. He was a half-brother of Khufu and nephew to Hetepheres I.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
7th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been a 7th dynasty king of Egypt during the First Intermediate Period.
Vizier
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Prince, chief justice and vizier during the 4th dynasty. Nikaure was a son of Pharaoh Khafre and Queen Persenet. His wife was Nikanebti.
Queen
5th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Queen of Egypt at the end of the 2nd dynasty. Wife of Pharaoh Khasekhemwy.
Libyan chief
21st dynasty
fl. c. 10th century BCE
Great Chief of the Ma, known for being the father of pharaoh Shoshenq I and brother of pharaoh Osorkon the Elder.
Prince
22nd dynasty
fl. c. 940 BCE
Prince, son of pharaoh Shoshenq I; he also was a general and a governor at Herakleopolis Magna.
High Priest of Amun
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
High Priest of Amun at Thebes during the latter part of the reign of his father, pharaoh Osorkon II.
King of Hermopolis
25th dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BCE
Local pharaoh at Hermopolis during the 25th dynasty, he submitted himself to Piye and is depicted on the latter's Victory stela.
Pharaoh / Queen
6th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
May have been the last pharaoh of the Egyptian 6th Dynasty. However, her historicity has been questioned.
God's Wife of Amun
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-7th to early-6th century BC
Also known as Nitiqret, she was the Divine Adoratrice of Amun or God's Wife of Amun for over 70 years. She was the daughter of the Saite pharaoh Psamtik I.
Princess, High Priest of Amun
26th Dynasty
fl. c. mid-6th century BC
Daughter of pharaoh Amasis II and a female High Priest of Amun.
Noble
20th-21st dynasty
fl. c. early-11th century BCE
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Noblewoman and princess who lived during the 4th dynasty of Egypt. Nofret married Prince Rahotep, who was a son of Pharaoh Sneferu.
Queen
12th dynasty
fl. c. early-19th century BC
Daughter of Amenemhat II and wife of Senusret II.
Princess
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-18th century BC
Egyptian king's daughter during the 13th dynasty. Probably a daughter of King Hor.
Queen
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
13th dynasty Egyptian queen whose husband is assumed to be one of the successors of pharaoh Sobekhotep IV.
Queen
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Great Royal Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses VI and mother of Pharaoh Ramesses VII.
Queen
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Also known as Nebuunet, an Egyptian queen consort and a wife of the 6th dynasty pharaoh Pepi I.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
fl. c. 17th century BC
Poorly known pharaoh of the 14th dynasty, likely of Semitic descent and reigning over the eastern Nile Delta.
Granary Official
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Known from a granite statue of Nykara and his family, now at the Brooklyn Museum.
Pharaoh
2nd dynasty
fl. c. 28th century BC
Long-lived king of the mid 2nd dynasty of Egypt. It is possible that he was a son of his predecessor Raneb.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Also known as Neuserre Izi, Niuserre Isi, Nyuserra, and Rathoris. A 5th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt (reigned c. 2453 BC – c. 2422 BC).
O
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
fl. c. early-10th century BC
Osorkon Akheperre Setepenre reigned c. 992 BC – c. 986 BC, and was the first pharaoh of Libyan extraction to rule Egypt. He was the son of Shoshenq, the Great Chief of the Ma.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 922 BC – c. 887 BC
Son of Sheshonk I and his chief consort, Karomat. Osorkon I's reign was long and prosperous and is known for many temple building projects.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 872 BC – c. 837 BC
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
reigned c. 798 BC – c. 769 BC
Usermaatre Setepenamun Si-Ese was a pharaoh of Upper Egypt based in Thebes. He was also a High Priest of Amun. He was a son of Takelot II and Queen Karomama II. During his reign, he defeated the rival forces of Sheshonk IV.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Ruler of Lower Egypt who was based in Tanis and therefore one of the 22nd dynasty pharaoh Shoshenq V's successors.
P
Chief Steward
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-7th century BC
Chief Steward to the Divine Adoratrice of Amun, Nitocris I.
Princess
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Daughter of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
High Priest of Ptah
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
High Priest of Ptah during the reign of Ramesses II. Pahemnetjer succeeded Huy as High Priest of Ptah.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Reigned c. 785 BC – c. 778 BC, and was a member of the Meshwesh Libyans then ruling the country.
Panehesy (II)
Prophet of Amenhotep (I) of the Forecourt
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BC
Served during the reign of Pharaoh Ramesses II.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-13th century BC
Vizier of Egypt during the reigns of the pharaohs Amenmesse and Seti II. Also known as Pre'em'hab.
Prince
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Son of pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Nefertari.
High Priest of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid to late-14th century BC
High Priest of Amun during the reigns of the 18th dynasty pharaohs Tutankhamen and Horemheb.
Royal Butler
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Pharaoh Akhenaten's close adviser both before and after Akhenaten came to the throne.
Priest
22nd dynasty
fl. c. 730 BCE
Priest of Ptah under pharaoh Shoshenq V, known for his long genealogy written on an Apis burial stela.
Viceroy of Kush
18th dynasty
fl. c. 14th century BC
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. early to mid-13th century BC
Vizier during the reigns of pharaohs Seti I and Ramesses II. Later he became a High Priest of Amun.
Viceroy of Kush
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BC
Son of the High Priest of Min and Isis named Minmose. He was a King's son of Kush, overseer of the Southern Lands, and king's scribe.
Artisan
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BC
Lived in Deir el-Medina on the west bank of the Nile, opposite Thebes, during the reign of Seti I.
Queen
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-10th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Sheshonk I. Her name is sometimes written as Patoreshnes or Penreshnes.
Mayor of Western Thebes
20th dynasty
fl. c. 11th century BC
Mayor of Western Thebes during a series of tomb robberies that occurred in the Valley of the Kings during the late New Kingdom.
Chief of the Archers
18th dynasty
fl. c. 14th century BC
Egyptian official mentioned in the Amarna letters. He is referred to as an Egyptian "archer–commander" and an "irpi–official".
Nubian Queen
fl. c. 8th century BC
Chief of the Chamber
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
One of the key conspirators in the Harem conspiracy, a plot to overthrow Pharaoh Ramesses III. Pebekkamen had served as chief of the chamber to Ramesses. Following his trial, Pebekkamen was executed.
Priest
25th and 26th dynasty
fl. c. late 8th century BC
Librarian, archivist and Chief Lector Priest during the Egyptian 25th and 26th dynasties who amassed enough wealth to build a labyrinthine tomb covered with frescoes and hieroglyphics.
Local Ruler
Third Intermediate Period
fl. c. late 8th century BC
Pediese, married to the great-great-granddaughter of Shoshenq III, was one of a number of princes ruling Lower Egypt. He was of Libyan descent, a chief of the Ma. He ruled from Athribis.
High Priest of Ptah
Third Intermediate Period
fl. c. late 8th century BC
Involved in the replacement of an Apis bull which had died in the 28th year of the reign of Shoshenq III.
Chief of sculptors
2nd or 3rd Dynasty
fl. c. 28–27th century BC
Official in charge of the sculptors of the king.
Administrator
Persian Occupation, 26th dynasty
fl. c. 7th century BC
Son of Ireturu, administered Upper Egypt. In 651 BCE he had his priestly offices confirmed by Psamtik I.
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
fl. c. late-9th century BC
King of Libyan ancestry (reigned c. 829 BC – c. 804 BC) . He was the main opponent to the 23rd dynasty Upper Egyptian pharaohs Takelot II and Osorkon III during a protracted civil war between these two competing sides.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Pharaoh of Lower Egypt (reigned c. 740 BC – c. 730 BC) associated with the 22nd dynasty. He was a possible son and successor to Shoshenq V.
King of Herakleopolis
25th dynasty
fl. c. late-8th century BCE
Local pharaoh at Herakleopolis Magna who submitted himself to the 25th dynasty pharaoh Piye as shown on the latter's Victory stela. Also called Peftjaubast.
Queen
25th dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Daughter of King Kashta and Queen Pebatjma and a wife of the pharaoh, Piye.
General
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-14th century BC
General and superintendent of the Southern Lands (Kush) at the beginning of the 19th dynasty of Egypt. Pennesuttawy was a brother of the High Priest of Amun, Parennefer.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-13th century BC
Served during the reign of the 19th dynasty pharaoh Merenptah.
Pentawer(et)
Prince
19th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
Son of Pharaoh Ramesses III and Queen Tiye. He was to be the beneficiary of a "harem conspiracy" planned by his mother to assassinate the pharaoh. The plot failed and Pentawer was forced to commit suicide.
Physician, Chamberlain
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Seal-bearer of the king, king's scribe, chief of physicians and chamberlain to the 18th dynasty pharaoh Akhenaten.
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Vizier of Egypt during the reign of pharaoh Tutankhamun. Also written as Pentju.
Pharaoh
6th dynasty
reigned c. 2332 BC – c. 2283 BC
Pepi I's long reign was marked by an aggressive expansion into Nubia and the spread of trade to far-flung areas such as Lebanon and the Somali coast, but also the growing power of the nomarchs.
Pharaoh
6th dynasty
reigned c. 2278 BC – c. 2184 BC
Son of Merenre and Ankhesenpepi II. His lengthy reign was marked by a sharp decline of the Old Kingdom as the power of the nomarchs grew.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
Obscur ruler of the second intermediate period, possibly a vassal of the Hyksos kings or a king of the 16th dynasty
Queen
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
May have been a daughter of King Khufu and a wife of King Khafre.
Physician
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Her title was "lady overseer of the female physicians,"but whether she was a physician herself is uncertain. She had a son, Akhethetep, in whose mastaba at Giza her personal stela was found.
Pharaoh
Persian Occupation
fl. late 6th century BC
Egyptian ruler who revolted against Persian rule under the satrap Aryandes. He was probably a member of the old royal Saitic line, who attempted to seize power around 522 BC. Aryandes probably quelled the rebellion.(or Seheruibre Padibastet)
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-11th century BC
High Priest of Amun who led an army against Pinehesy, viceroy of Kush, who had conquered large parts of Upper Egypt and succeeded in driving him back into Nubia.
Commissioner
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Egyptian commissioner in the "Land of Retenu" (Canaan) mentioned in the Amarna letters. He probably served under pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten. His name is sometimes written as Pakhura.
Prince
22nd dynasty
fl. c. late-9th century BC
Son of king Sheshonk III. He served as a 'Great Chief of the Ma' during his father's reign.
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-11th century BC
High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Egypt and the de facto ruler of Middle and Upper Egypt from 1054 BC. He asserted his virtual independence from the 21st dynasty based at Tanis. He married Duathathor-Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI.
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. early-10th century BC
High Priest of Amun at Thebes in Egypt and the de facto ruler of the south of the country. He married his sister Isetemkheb and his niece Nesikhons, the daughter of his brother Smendes II.
Viceroy of Kush
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-11th century BC
Served during the reign of pharaoh Ramesses XI. Pinehesy extended his influence over much of the south of Egypt defying Ramesses XI. However, the High Priest of Amun, Herihor, was able to drive Pinehesy back into Nubia. Also known as Panehesy or Panehasy.
High Priest of Ptah
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-11th century BC
High Priest of Ptah, a contemporary of Pharaoh Psusennes I. He was the father of the High Priest of Ptah Harsiese.
Piye (or Piankhi the Nubian)
Pharaoh
25th dynasty
reigned c. 752 BC – c. 721 BC
Kushite king and founder of the 25th dynasty of Egypt who ruled from the city of Napata. As ruler of Nubia and Upper Egypt, Piye took advantage of the squabbling of Egypt's rulers to expand Nubia's power beyond Thebes into Lower Egypt receiving the submission of the kings of the Nile Delta.
General
26th dynasty
fl. c. early-6th century BC
Commander of the Greek troops during an expedition against Nubia under pharaoh Psamtik II; his real Egyptian name was Padismatawy.
Regent
Ptolemaic
fl. mid-1st century BC
Official under Pharaoh Ptolemy XII. When Ptolemy XII died in 51 BC, as his son Ptolemy XIII was under age, Pothinus was appointed as his regent. Pothinus used his influence to turn Ptolemy XIII against Cleopatra VII. In the resultant civil war, Cleopatra VII and Julius Caesar prevailed and Pothinus was executed in 47 BC.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Vizier during the latter part of the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II. Also known as Rahotep, Parahotep, Parehotp.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Vizier during the latter part of the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II. Parahotep was the son of the High Priest of Ptah Pahemnetjer. Also known as Rahotep, Parahotep, Parehotp.
Rebel ruler
27th dynasty
fl. 5th century BC
Egyptian ruler who rebelled to the Persian occupation.
Pharaoh
29th dynasty
fl. c. early-4th century BC
Upon the death of Nepherites I, two rival factions fought for the throne: one supported Muthis son of Nefaarud, and the other supported an usurper named Psammuthes. Both men were eventually defeated by a general named Hakor.
Pharaoh
26th dynasty
reigned c. 664 BC – c. 610 BC
Managed to unite all of Egypt and free the country from Assyrian and Nubian control within the first ten years of his reign. (or Psammeticus or Psammetichus)
Pharaoh
26th dynasty
reigned c. 595 BC – c. 589 BC
In 592 BC, Psamtik II marched deep into Nubia and inflicted a heavy defeat on the kingdom of Kush.(or Psammetichus or Psammeticus)
Pharaoh
26th dynasty
reigned c. 526 BC – c. 525 BC
Last pharaoh of the 26th dynasty of Egypt. Psamtik had ruled Egypt for only six months before the Persian invasion led by King Cambyses II. Psamtik was defeated at Pelusium and later executed by the Persians.(or Psammetichus or Psammeticus)
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
reigned c. 1047 BC – c. 1001 BC
Son of Pinedjem I and Henuttawy, a daughter of Ramesses XI. He married his sister Mutnedjmet.(or Psibkhanno or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut I)
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
reigned c. 967 BC – c. 943 BC
Last king of the 21st dynasty of Egypt. He was a High Priest of Amun at Thebes and the son of Pinedjem II and Istemkheb.(or Tyetkheperre Psusennes II or Hor-Pasebakhaenniut II)
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-10th century BC
High Priest of Amun at Thebes towards the end of the 21st Dynasty of Egypt.
Vizier
5th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
City administrator and vizier during the reign of Djedkare Isesi. He is credited with authoring "The Instruction of Ptahhotep", which was meant to instruct young men in appropriate behaviour.
High Priest of Ptah
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-15th century BC
Served under pharaohs Thutmose IV and Amenhotep III. Ptahmose also held the titles of count and governor, and Sem-priest.
Treasurer
18th dynasty
fl. c. 14th century BC
Treasurer under the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III and known from a statue.
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
High Priest of Amun and vizier of southern Egypt under the 18th dynasty pharaoh Amenhotep III.
Vizier
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Vizier and son-in-law of king Niuserre. His mastaba complex in Abusir is considered by many to be the most extensive and architecturally unique non-royal tomb of the Old Kingdom.
Prince
Ptolemaic
c. 150 BC – 96 BC
Last Greek Cyrenaean King (reigned 116 BC – 96 BC) and was a member of the Ptolemaic dynasty. He was a son of Pharaoh Ptolemy VIII Physcon of Egypt. When Ptolemy VIII died, Ptolemy Apion inherited Cyrenaica and became its king.
Prince
Ptolemaic
c. 165 BC – c. 152 BC
Son of Ptolemy VI Philometor and Cleopatra II and, for a short time before his death, reigned as co-ruler with his father.
Prince
Ptolemaic
c. 325 BC – 279 BC
King of Macedon (reigned 281 BC – 279 BC). He was the eldest son of Ptolemy I Soter and Eurydice. Keraunos was killed during a battle against the Gauls of Bolgius.
Ptolemy of Mauretania (or Ptolemaeus)
Prince
Ptolemaic
1 BC – 40 AD
Last king of Mauretania (reigned 23 AD-40 AD). Ptolemy was the son of King Juba II and Queen Cleopatra Selene II. With the support of Roman forces, Ptolemy was able to end Berber revolts by 24 AD. In 40 AD, Caligula invited Ptolemy to Rome where he was killed on Caligula's orders.
Prince
Ptolemaic
36 BC – c. 29 BC
Son of Cleopatra VII and Mark Antony. In 34 BC, at the Donations of Alexandria, Ptolemy was made ruler of Syria, Phoenicia and Cilicia. Octavian took Ptolemy and his siblings to Rome to be paraded in his military triumph.
Ptolemy I Soter I (Ptolemy the Savior)
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
c. 367 BC–c. 283 BC
Macedonian general under Alexander the Great, who became ruler of Egypt (reigned 323 BC–283 BC). In 305 BC he took the title of pharaoh. When Alexander died in 323 BC Ptolemy was appointed satrap of Egypt and in the wars that followed was able to securely hold Egypt.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
309 BC–246 BC
Reigned 283 BC – 246 BC. He was the son of Ptolemy I Soter and Berenice. Ptolemy expanded the library in Alexandria and patronized scientific research. Although an enthusiast for Hellenic culture, he also adopted Egyptian religious concepts. Ptolemy's first marriage was to Arsinoë I, daughter of Lysimachus, and later he married his sister Arsinoë II.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
reigned 246 BC–222 BC
Married Berenice of Cyrene. Following Ptolemy's eldest sister Berenice Phernophorus’ murder by the Seleucid rulers in Syria, Ptolemy III invaded Syria. His forces occupied Antioch and even reached Babylon. In exchange for peace in 241 BC, Ptolemy was awarded territories on the northern coast of Syria. Under his rule, the Ptolemaic kingdom reached the height of its power.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
reigned 221 BC–205 BC
Son of Ptolemy III and Berenice II. During his reign, the decline of the Ptolemaic kingdom began. Ptolemy IV responded effectively to the attacks of Antiochus III on Coele-Syria and Judea and his victory at Raphia (217 BC) secured the northern borders of the kingdom for the remainder of his reign. The native population of Upper Egypt revolted, creating a separate state for twenty years.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
209 BC – 181 BC
Son of Ptolemy IV and Arsinoe III and a king of the Ptolemaic dynasty (reigned 204 BC–181 BC). Ptolemy IV's favourites, Agathocles and Sosibius, became Ptolemy V's regents. In 202 BC, a general, Tlepolemus, revolted and killed the two regents. During his reign lands in Caria, Thrace, Coele-Syria, including Judea, were lost. However, Upper Egypt was brought back under Ptolemaic control.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
186 BC–145 BC
In 170 BC, Antiochus IV invaded Egypt twice retaining Ptolemy VI as a puppet king. In 164 BC, he was driven off the throne by Ptolemy VIII, but was quickly restored by the Alexandrians after which he ruled uneasily, cruelly suppressing frequent rebellions and facing a growing Roman interference. Ptolemy VI was killed in the Battle of Antioch.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
fl. c. mid-2nd century BC
Possibly the son of Ptolemy VI and Cleopatra II and reigned briefly with his father in 145 BC, and for a short time after that, but was murdered by his uncle, Ptolemy VIII, who succeeded him.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
c. 182 BC–116 BC
Reigned 170 BC – 163 BC, 145 BC – 131 BC, and 127 BC – 116 BC. In 170 BC Antiochus IV invaded Egypt and captured Ptolemy VI and let him rule as a puppet monarch. But the Alexandrians chose Ptolemy VIII as king. While Ptolemy VI went to Rome to gain support, Ptolemy VIII's ruled, but was unpopular. So in 163 BC, Ptolemy VI returned to rule Egypt while Ptolemy VIII ruled Cyrenaica. When Ptolemy VI died, Ptolemy VIII took the throne. In 131 BC, the people of Alexandria rioted and Ptolemy VIII escaped to Cyprus until he regained power in 127 BC.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
c.142 BC – 81 BC
Reigned 116 BC – 110 BC, 109 BC – 107 BC and 88 BC – 81 BC, with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy X Alexander as their mother Cleopatra III played both brothers off against each other.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
c.140 BC – 88 BC
Reigned 110 BC – 109 BC and 107 BC – 88 BC with intervening periods ruled by his brother, Ptolemy IX as their mother Cleopatra III played both brothers off against each other.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
fl. c. early-1st century BC
Ruled Egypt for a few days in 80 BC. Ptolemy XI was a son of Ptolemy X Alexander and either Cleopatra Selene or Berenice III.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
117 BC–51 BC
During his reign, Egypt lost Cyprus and Cyrenaica. Ptolemy XII attempted to secure his position through a pro-Roman policy, but the Egyptians rebelled against his high taxes. Ptolemy XII then fled to Rome and his daughter Berenice IV became queen of Egypt. Ptolemy XII was able to recover his throne in 55 BC with the support of Roman soldiers and mercenaries.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
c. 62 BC–47 BC
Son of Ptolemy XII and succeeded his father in 51 BC as co-ruler with his wife and older sister Cleopatra VII. In 48 BC, Ptolemy XIII attempted to depose Cleopatra VII leading civil war in Egypt. Julius Caesar intervened, enabling Cleopatra VII to regain Egyptian throne and forcing Ptolemy XIII to flee the city. Ptolemy XIII drowned while attempting to cross the Nile.
Pharaoh
Ptolemaic
c. 60 BC–44 BC
Son of Ptolemy XII. Following the death of his older brother Ptolemy XIII, Ptolemy XIV ruled with his older sister, Cleopatra VII. Cleopatra also married her new co-ruler but continued as Julius Caesar's lover. When Caesar was murdered in Rome, Cleopatra poisoned Ptolemy XIV and replaced him with Ptolemy XV Caesarion, her son by Caesar.
Second prophet of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Served during the reigns of Thutmose III and Hatshepsut.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Egyptian princess, a daughter of Thutmose IV. Her name is sometimes written as Pyihia or Petepihu.
Q
Pharaoh
8th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BC
Reigned c. 2169 BC – c. 2167 BC, during the First Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
11th-12th dynasty
fl. early-20th century BCE
Egyptian or Nubian pretender to the throne, he was an opponent of Amenemhat I but was defeated by him.
Queen
25th dynasty
fl. c. late-8th century BC
Daughter of King Piye and a queen consort to her brother Shabaka.
Royal physician and priest
6th dynasty
2332–2283 BC
Pharaoh
14th or 16th dynasty
Either a pharaoh of Canaanite descent reigning over the eastern Nile Delta in the early 14th Dynasty or a vassal of the Hyksos kings.
Artisan
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BC
Lived in Deir el-Medina during the reign of Ramesses II. His titles included Servant in the Place of Truth, meaning that he work on the excavation and decoration of nearby royal tombs.
R
Prince
5th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Possibly a son of Pharaoh Menkauhor Kaiu. Raemka was buried in Saqqara.
Chief of Scribes
4th - 5th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Official known mainly from the pair statue with his wife: The statue of Raherka and Meresankh
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Also known as Sekhenrewahkhaw Rahotep. He reigned during the Second Intermediate Period, when Egypt was ruled by a number of kings at the same time.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-14th to early 13th century BC
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
reigned c. 1279 BC – c. 1213 BC
Regarded as Ancient Egypt's greatest and most powerful pharaoh. Ramesses II led successful expeditions north into Canaan, Lebanon and Syria and south into Nubia. He focused on building cities, temples and monuments and established the city of Pi-Ramesses in the Nile Delta as his new capital.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
reigned c. 1186 BC – c. 1155 BC
Last great New Kingdom king to wield any substantial authority over Egypt. He was the son of Setnakhte and Queen Tiy-Merenese. During his long reign, Egypt was beset by foreign invaders (including the “Sea Peoples” and the Libyans).
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Reigned c. 1155 BC – c. 1149 BC. A son of Ramesses III, he initiated a substantial building program including an enlargement of the Temple of Khonsu at Karnak. Also known as Amonhirkhopshef.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Son of Ramesses IV and Queen Duatentopet. During his reign the power of the priesthood of Amun continued to grow, controlling the state's finances and much of the temple land in the country at the expense of the pharaohs.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Son of Ramesses III and Iset Ta-Hemdjert. Egypt's political and economic decline continued during his reign. At Thebes, the power of the chief priests of Amun continued to grow at the expense of the pharaohs.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
One of the last surviving sons of Ramesses III. Also known as Ramesses Sethherkhepshef Meryamun.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-12th century BC
Son of Montuherkhopshef and grandson of Ramesses III. He reigned c. 1129 BC – c. 1111 BC.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-12th century BC
Pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 1111 BC – c. 1107 BC). He was possibly a son of Ramesses IX and husband of Queen Tyti, but this is unproven.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
reigned c. 1107 BC – c. 1078 BC
Last king of the 20th dynasty of Egypt. He was probably the son of Ramesses X and Queen Tyti. Ramesses XI's reign saw the continuing disintegration of the Egyptian state. By late in his reign, he was forced to share power with the High Priest of Amun, Herihor, who controlled Thebes and Upper Egypt, and Smendes, who as governor, controlled Lower Egypt.
Prince
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Eldest son of Pharaoh Ramesses II and Queen Isetnofret. He was the heir to the Egyptian throne but pre-deceased his father.
High Priest of Amun
20th dynasty
fl. c. mid-12th century BC
Appointed as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes under pharaoh Ramesses IV. He held this office until the reign of Ramesses IX. It was during Ramessesnakht's tenure that the power and importance of the Amun priesthood grew while the pharaoh's power began to noticeably decline.
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Nobleman, Governor of Thebes and vizier under pharaohs Amenhotep III and Akhenaten.
Pharaoh
2nd dynasty
fl. c. late-29th to early-28th century BC
King during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of pharaoh Sneferu, the first ruler of the 4th dynasty of Egypt.
Treasurer
12th dynasty
fl. c. 20th century BC
Treasurer who held this office under pharaoh Amenemhet I.
Queen
4th/ 5th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Egyptian queen from the late 4th dynasty or early 5th dynasty. She was a daughter of Pharaoh Khafre. Rekhetre was possibly the wife of one of Khafre's successors as pharaoh.
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Nobleman and official, who served as Governor of Thebes and vizier during the reigns of Tuthmosis III and Amenhotep II. He was also High Priest of Annu or Heliopolis.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-18th century BC
Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty. Alternate spelling: Ranisonb.
Queen
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Wife of King Nyuserre Ini. Her name is also written as Repytnub and Reputnebu.
Princess
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Daughter of pharaoh Nyuserre Ini and possibly queen Reptynub.
High Priest of Amun
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid to late-13th century BC
High Priest of Amun towards the end of the reign of Ramesses II and into the reigns of Merenptah and possibly Seti II.
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
reigned c. 759 BC – c. 739 BC
Last pharaoh of the 23rd dynasty based in Upper Egypt. He was the younger son of Osorkon III, and the brother of Takelot III.
S
Official
1st dynasty
fl. c. 29th century BC
Ancient Egyptian official under king Qa'a in the 1st dynasty.
Official
6th dynasty
fl. c. 23rd century BC
Ancient Egyptian expedition under king Pepy II buried at Qubbet el-Hawa.
High Priest of Ptah
5th and 6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
High Priest of Ptah
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
High Priest of Ptah during the reign of king Teti. He was the successor of Sabu Ibebi and probably his son.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Son of queen Neferhetepes and his father was probably Userkaf. Sahure established a navy and sent the fleet to Punt. He traded with states and cities in the eastern Mediterranean.
Pharaoh
15th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th century BC
Pharaoh
3rd dynasty
fl. c. 27th century BC
Reigned c. 2686 BC – c. 2668 BC, and was probably the first pharaoh of the 3rd dynasty of Egypt. Referred to as Sanakhte or Nebka.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
King of Egypt's 13th dynasty at a time when the kings’ control over all of Egypt was receding.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-15th century BC
Egyptian queen, the Great Royal Wife of Thutmose III. Also referred to as Sitiah or Sitioh.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. early-18th century BCE
Pharaoh of the early 13th dynasty, known from a magic wand.
princess
in Irish mythology, Scottish mythology, and pseudohistory,
fl. c. 10th century BC
Egyptian princess. Also referred to as Scotia .
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-18th century BC
Egyptian king of the 13th dynasty.
Pharaoh
11th-12th dynasty
fl. early-20th century BCE
Egyptian or Nubian pretender to the throne, he was an opponent of Amenemhat I but was defeated by him.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
c. 1700 BC
Pharaoh of the 14th dynasty, probably of Canaanite descent and reigning over the eastern Nile Delta during the second intermediate period.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
Among the last pharaohs of the 13th dynasty, shortly before its collapse under the Hyksos.
Pharaoh
2nd dynasty
fl. c. 28th century BC
King during the Egyptian 2nd dynasty, who may have been the same individual as Peribsen, or, more likely, was a separate king who ruled Lower Egypt at the same time that Peribsen ruled Upper Egypt.
Vizier
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Vizier during the reigns of kings Userkaf and Sahure. He was a son of king Khafre and queen Hekenuhedjet.
Sekhemre Khutawy Sobekhotep I
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. early-18th century BC
Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
fl. c. early-15th century BC
Pharaoh of the 14th dynasty, probably of Canaanite descent, reigning over the eastern Delta during the mid second intermediate period.
Official
30th to Argead dynasty
fl. c. 330s BC
Witnessed the conquest of Egypt by the hands of Alexander the Great.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
fl. c. early 16th century BC
16th dynasty Theban king during the Second Intermediate Period of Egypt who succeeded Nebiriau II.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Pharaoh of the late 17th dynasty, his existence and complete name were confirmed by recent archeological discoveries.
Overseer of Dwarfs
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Dwarf who served as a high-ranking court official in the Old Kingdom.
Vizier
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th century BC
Vizier during the 13th dynasty of the Second Intermediate Period.
Treasurer
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-18th to early-17th century BC
Treasurer under the 13th dynasty Egyptian kings Neferhotep I and Sobekhotep IV.
Pharaoh
16th or Abydos dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Obscur pharaoh whose tomb discovered in 2014 in Abydos might vindicate the existence of the Abydos Dynasty during the mid second intermediate period.
Pharaoh
2nd dynasty
fl. c. 28th century BC
King during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt who resided at Memphis.
Vizier
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Vizier who started out his career under king Djedkare Isesi and eventually became vizier under king Unas.
Architect, Steward
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-15th century BC
Architect and government official. Senenmut entered royal service during the reign of Thutmose I or Thutmose II. After Hatshepsut became pharaoh, Senenmut became high steward.
Vizier
12th – 13th dynasty
fl. c. 18th century BC
Known from a number of sources making it possible to reconstruct his career.
King of Kush
fl. c. mid-7th century BC
Artisan
19th dynasty
fl. c. early-13th century BC
Egyptian artisan who lived in Deir el-Medina near Thebes during the reigns of the 19th dynasty pharaohs Seti I and Ramesses II. He worked on the excavation and decoration of the nearby royal tombs.
Mayor of Thebes
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-15th century BC
Mayor of Thebes and "Overseer of the Granaries and Fields, Gardens and Cattle of Amun" during the reign of Amenhotep II. He was a son of Ahmose Humay, brother to Amenhotep II's vizier Amenemopet.
Overseer of the Seal
18th dynasty
fl. c. early to mid-15th century BC
Long serving Egyptian official under pharaohs Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, and Thutmose III. His titles included "Overseer of the Seal" and "Overseer of the Gold-land of Amun".
Overseer of the Seal
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Overseer of the Seal and "Overseer of the Gold-Land of Amun", during the reign of Thutmose III of the Egyptian 18th dynasty.
Vizier
12th dynasty
fl. c. late-20th century BC
Egyptian official who was a vizier during the last years of king Senusret I's rule and in the first years of king Amenemhet II.
Pharaoh
12th dynasty
reigned c. 1971 BC – c. 1926 BC
Son of Amenemhat I and Neferitatjenen. He continued his father's aggressive expansionist policies against Nubia. Senusret I established diplomatic relations with rulers in Syria and Canaan. He also tried to centralize the country's political structure by supporting nomarchs who were loyal to him. Also referred to as Sesostris I and Senwosret I.
Pharaoh
12th dynasty
reigned c. 1897 BC – c. 1878 BC
Son of Amenemhat II. His pyramid was constructed at El-Lahun. Senusret II was interested in the Faiyum oasis region and began work on an extensive irrigation system. Senusret II maintained good relations with the various nomarchs of Egypt. Also referred to as Sesostris II and Senwosret II.
Pharaoh
12th dynasty
reigned c. 1878 BC – c. 1860 BC
Son of Senusret II and Khnemetneferhedjet I. He built the Sesostris Canal and expanded Egyptian control deep into Nubia. His military campaigns gave rise to an era of peace and economic prosperity and he reduced the power of the nomarchs. Also referred to as Sesostris III and Senwosret III.
Pharaoh
13th, 16th or 17th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th to early-16th century BC
Pharaoh of some parts of Upper Egypt during the second intermediate period when the Hyksos controlled Lower Egypt.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. 16th century BC
Probably was the son and successor to Senaktenre Ahmose and Queen Tetisheri.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Queen
1st dynasty
fl. c. 30th century BC
Queen-Mother
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Mother of pharaoh Teti. She was instrumental in enabling her son to gain the throne and reconciling two warring factions of the royal family. Also known as Shesh.
Viceroy of Kush
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BC
Viceroy of Kush in the second half of Ramesses II's reign.
Princess
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Akhenaten and queen Nefertiti.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-18th century BC
Poorly known king of the 13th dynasty reigning in the early second intermediate period.
Commander
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-14th century BC
Egyptian soldier during the late 18th dynasty, the commander of the army and later vizier. He was the father of Pharaoh Ramesses I. Also known as Suti.
Viceroy of Kush
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BC
Viceroy of Kush Seti is attested in year 1 of Siptah. Seti is also mentioned on some monuments of his son Amenemhab. Amenemhab was the son of Seti and the Lady Amenemtaiauw. Seti held the titles fan-bearer on the king's right, king's scribe of the letters of the Pharaoh.
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
reigned c. 1290 BC – c. 1279 BC
Son of Ramesses I and Queen Sitre, and the father of Ramesses II. He reconquered most of the territories in Canaan and Syria disputed with the Hittites. Seti I also fought a series of wars in Libya and Nubia. Also referred to as Sethos I.
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
reigned c. 1203 BC – c. 1197 BC
Son of Merneptah and queen Isetnofret II. Seti II had to deal with the accession of a rival named Amenmesse who seized control over Thebes and Nubia in Upper Egypt. Also referred to as Sethos II.
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
Egyptian prince of the late 19th dynasty, a son of Pharaoh Seti II and Isetnofret II.
Pharaoh
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
First pharaoh of the 20th dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 1190 BC – c. 1186 BC) and the father of Ramesses III. He was either an usurper who seized the throne or a member of a minor line of the royal family who emerged as pharaoh.
Pharaoh
9th dynasty
fl. c. 22nd century BCE
Pharaoh of the Herakleopolite 9th dynasty, also called Senen ... .
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
c. 1699 BC
Pharaoh of the 14th dynasty, probably of Canaanite descent and reigning over the eastern Nile Delta during the second intermediate period.
Pharaoh
25th dynasty
reigned c. 721 BC – c. 707 BC
Thought to be the son of King Kashta and Pebatjma, although a text from the time of Taharqa could be interpreted to mean that Shabaka was a brother of Taharqa and hence a son of Piye. He consolidated the Nubia's control over Egypt from Nubia to the Delta region. Shabaka maintained Egypt's independence from the Assyrian empire under Sargon II.
Pharaoh
-
reigned during the Second Intermediate Period
Possibly the same person of the Manethonian Salitis, founder of the 15th Dynasty.
Pharaoh
25th dynasty
reigned c. 707 BC – c. 690 BC
Nephew and successor of Shabaka and a son of Piye, the founder of the dynasty. Shebitku actively resisted Assyrian expansion under Sennacherib into Canaan.
High Priest of Ptah
21st – 22nd dynasty
fl. c. late-10th century BC
Son of the High Priest Ankhefensekhmet and the lady Tapeshenese, who was First Chief of the Harem of Ptah and Prophetess of Mut.
Vizier of Upper Egypt
8th dynasty
fl. c. early-22nd century BC
Nomarch of Coptos and vizier of Upper Egypt in the early First Intermediate Period. The beneficiary of most of the Coptos Decrees, his career is symptomatic of the decline of kingship at the end of the Old Kingdom.
Pharaoh
14th or 16th dynasty
fl. c. 17th century BC
Semitic ruler of Lower Egypt belonging to the 14th dynasty or vassal of the Hyksos and belonging to the 16th dynasty during the second intermediate period.
Pharaoh
14th or 16th dynasty
fl. c. 17th century BC
Semitic ruler of Lower Egypt belonging to the 14th dynasty or vassal of the Hyksos and belonging to the 16th dynasty during the second intermediate period.
Divine Adoratrice of Amun
25th dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
First Divine Adoratrice of Amun to wield political power in Thebes. She was a daughter of Osorkon III and Queen Karoadjet. Also called Shepenwpet I.
Divine Adoratrice of Amun
25th dynasty
fl. c. early-7th century BC
Prince
5th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Pharaoh
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Possibly a son of the Egyptian king Menkaure who succeeded his father on the throne (reigned c. 2503 BC – c. 2498 BC). He was probably the last king of the 4th dynasty.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
fl. c. 25th century BC
Reigned c. 2467 BC – c. 2460 BC. Sometime referred to as Shepseskare, Sisiris.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Princess
2nd dynasty
fl. c. late 27th century BC
Daughter of a king of the late 2nd Dynasty, possibly Khasekhemwy or Peribsen.
Official
4th dynasty
fl. c. 28th century BC
Egyptian official who probably lived during the 4th Dynasty. He was Great of the Ten of Upper Egypt and Chief of the wab-priest of Peribsen in the necropolis of Senedj.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
fl. c. early-17th century BC
14th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt during the Second Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 943 BC – c. 922 BC
Meshwesh (Libyan) Berber king of Egypt and the founder of the 22nd Dynasty. He was the son of Nimlot, Great Chief of the Ma, and his wife Tentshepeh. Sheshonk I pursued an aggressive foreign policy against Syria, Philistine, Phoenicia, Judah and Israel. Also known as Shoshenq I, Sheshonk, Sheshonq I.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 887 BC – c. 885 BC
King of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 837 BC – c. 798 BC
His reign was marked by the loss of Egypt's political unity, with the appearance of Pedubast I at Thebes. Henceforth, the 22nd Dynasty kings only controlled Lower Egypt.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 798 BC – c. 785 BC
King during Egypt's 22nd dynasty. Also referred to as Shoshenq IV.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 778 BC – c. 740 BC
Final king of the 22nd dynasty of Egypt of Meshwesh Libyans which controlled Lower Egypt. With his death, the kingdom in the Egyptian Delta disintegrated into various city states.
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
fl. c. late-9th century BC
23rd Dynasty king based at Thebes (reigned c. 804 BC – c. 798 BC). He was defeated and ousted from power by Prince Osorkon (later Osorkon III).
Libyan chief
21st dynasty
fl. c. 11th-10th century BCE
Great chief of the Ma during the 21st dynasty, father of pharaoh Osorkon the Elder and grandfather of pharaoh Shoshenq I.
High Priest of Amun
22nd dynasty
fl. c. late-10th century BC
Eldest son of pharaoh Osorkon I and queen Maatkare, the daughter of Psusennes II, and served as the High Priest of Amun at Thebes during his father's reign.
High Priest of Ptah
22nd dynasty
fl. c. mid-9th century BC
Eldest son of Osorkon II and Queen Karomama.
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
reigned c. 986 BC – c. 967 BC
Doubled the size of the Temple of Amun at Tanis and initiated works at the Temple of Horus at Mesen. He embarked upon an active foreign policy.
Prince
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-16th century BC
Son of Pharaoh Ahmose I and Queen Ahmose Nefertari.
King of Meroe
fl. c. early-5th century BC
Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c. 487 BC – c. 468 BC).
Prince
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Probably one of the sons of Pharaoh Thutmose IV and thus the brother or half-brother of Amenhotep III.
Vizier
12th dynasty
fl. c. 20th century BC
Egyptian vizier and treasurer during the 12th dynasty. He was probably vizier under pharaoh Amenemhat II. Also called Zaaset.
Simut called Kyky
Second Prophet of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Egyptian priest who held the position of Second Prophet of Amun towards the end of the reign of the 18th dynasty Pharaoh Amenhotep III. Simut was also treasurer (“Overseer of the House of Silver”) and “sealer of every contract in Karnak”.
Pharaoh
19th dynasty
fl. c. late-13th to early-12th century BC
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Eldest daughter of Pharaoh Amenhotep III and his wife Tiye and later married her father.
Queen
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Senakhtenre Ahmose and the sister to Pharaoh Seqenenre Tao and the queens Ahhotep and Ahmose Inhapy. She was married to her (half-)brother Tao.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. ca 13th century BC
Wife of Pharaoh Ramesses I of Egypt and mother of Seti I. Also called Tia-Sitre.
Pharaoh
21st dynasty
fl. c. early to mid-11th century BC
First pharaoh of the 21st dynasty of Egypt (reigned c. 1077 BC – c. 1052 BC). He is thought to have been a powerful governor in Lower Egypt during the reign of Ramesses XI.
High Priest of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. early-10th century BC
Son of High Priest Menkheperre and Princess Isetemkheb, the daughter of Psusennes I. Also known as Nesbanebdjed II.
High Priest of Amun
22nd dynasty
fl. c. early-9th century BCE
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Probably a younger son of Amenhotep III and queen Tiye, and therefore a younger brother of Akhenaten.
Pharaoh
13th or Abydos Dynasty
fl. c. mid 17th century BC
Poorly known pharaoh of the late 13th or Abydos dynasty during the second intermediate period, close to the time of the Hyksos invasion.
Pharaoh
4th dynasty
reigned c. 2613 BC – c. 2589 BC
Built at least three pyramids at Dahshur (including the Bent Pyramid and the Red Pyramid) and Meidum (Meidum pyramid). He introduced major innovations in the design and construction of pyramids. Also known as Snefru, Snofru or Soris.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Prince Nefermaat II and a grandson of Princess Nefertkau.
Vizier
12th dynasty
fl. c. mid-19th century BC
Egyptian vizier under king Senusret III during the 12th dynasty.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Sekhemre Shedtawy Sobekemsaf reigned during the Second Intermediate Period. Sobekemsaf I is thought to have been the father of both Intef VI and Intef VII.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-18th century BC
First pharaoh of the 13th dynasty, possibly a son of Amenemhat IV, otherwise, may have reigned later in the dynasty.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-18th century BC
Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty. He appears in the Turin King List as Sobekhotep and is otherwise mainly known from reliefs coming from a chapel set up in Abydos, from a pedestal of a statue and from a fragment of a column.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-18th century BC
His father was Mentuhotep. His mother was Jewetibaw. The king had two wives, Senebhenas and Neni.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. early-17th century BC
Son of Haankhef and Kemi. His brother, Neferhotep I, was his predecessor on the throne.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. mid-17th century BC
Among the last pharaohs of the 13th dynasty, shortly before the Hyksos conquest of Lower Egypt.
Pharaoh
16th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th century BC
Believed to be the successor of Djehuti. He reigned over Upper Egypt during the time of the Hyksos conquest of Memphis and Lower Egypt.
Governor
16th dynasty
fl. c. early-16th century BC
Local governor at El-Kab and a supporter of the Theban 16th dynasty during the Second Intermediate Period.
Pharaoh/ Queen
12th dynasty
reigned c. 1807 BC – c. 1803 BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Amenemhat III. Also known as Neferusobek.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. early-18th century BC
Second pharaoh of the 13th dynasty, possibly a son of Amenemhat IV. Also known as Amenemhat Sonbef.
Chief Minister
Ptolemaic
fl. c. late 3rd century BC
Chief minister of Ptolemy IV Philopator. He was able to exercise great power through his influence over the king throughout Ptolemy IV's reign. Based on Sosibius' advice, Ptolemy IV put to death his uncle Lysimachus, his brother Magas, and his mother Berenice.
Captain of the Guard
Ptolemaic
fl. c. mid-3rd century BC
One of the captains of the body-guards of Ptolemy II Philadelphus, king of Egypt. He may have been the father of the Sosibius, chief minister to Ptolemy IV Philopator.
T
Queen
25th dynasty
fl. c. late-8th century BC
Queen
25th dynasty
fl. c. mid-8th century BC
Daughter of Alara of Nubia and his wife Kasaqa and the wife of King Piye.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Tushratta, king of Mitanni and his queen, Juni. Tushratta married his daughter to his ally pharaoh Amenhotep III to cement their two states' alliances. Amenhotep III died shortly after Tadukhipa arrived in Egypt so she eventually married his son and heir Akhenaten. Her name is sometime written as Tadu-Hepa.
Pharaoh
25th dynasty
reigned c. 690 BC – c. 664 BC
Son of Piye, the Nubian king of Napata who had first conquered Egypt. During his reign, Assyria forces under General Esarhaddon invaded Egypt and managed to conquer Lower Egypt putting Neto I on the throne in Sias.
Queen
25th dynasty
8th century BC
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
reigned c. 885 BC – c. 872 BC
Son of Osorkon I and Queen Tashedkhonsu. He married Kapes who bore him a son, Osorkon II. Takelot I's authority was not fully recognised in Upper Egypt where a local Theban king challenged his authority.
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
reigned c. 840 BC – c. 815 BC
Pharaoh and High Priest of Amun, ruling Middle and Upper Egypt separately from the Tanite 22nd dynasty kings who at that time only controlled Lower Egypt.
Pharaoh
23rd dynasty
reigned c. 774 BC – c. 759 BC
Osorkon III's eldest son and successor and High Priest of Amun at Thebes.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. late 13th century BC
Queen-Mother
20th dynasty
fl. c. late 13th century BC
Mother of pharaoh Ramesses IX and probably the wife of Montuherkhepeshef, a son of Ramesses III.
Queen
26th dynasty
fl. c. 6th century BC
Wife of Psamtik II and the mother of Pharaoh Apries and the God's Wife of Amun Ankhnesneferibre.
King of Kush
fl. c. mid-5th century BC
Kushite King of Meroe (reigned c. 435 BC – c. 431 BC). He may have been a son of Nasakhma and a younger brother of Malewiebamani. It is also possible Talakhamani was a son of Malewiebamani.
Pharaoh
25th dynasty
reigned c. 664 BC – c. 656 BC
After the Assyrians had appointed Necho I as king and left Egypt, Tantamani marched from Nubia, killed Necho I in battle and reoccupied all of Egypt. The Assyrians returned to Egypt defeated Tantamani's army and effectively ended Nubian control over Egypt. Also known as Tandaname, Tanwetamani or Tementhes.
Pharaoh
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Ruled over the local kingdoms of the Theban region of Egypt in the 17th dynasty (reigned c. 1558 BC – c. 1554 BC). He probably was the son and successor to Senaktenre Ahmose and Queen Tetisheri. Also known as Sekenenra Taa.
Queen
22nd dynasty
fl. c. late-10th century BC
Nomarch of Asyut
10th dynasty
fl. c. 21st century BCE
Nomarch of Asyut, he helped an Herakleopolite pharaoh of the 10th dynasty in the reconquest of Thinis.
Pharaoh
24th dynasty
reigned c. 732 BC – c. 725 BC
Libyan-descended prince of Sais, Great Chief of the Meshwesh and Great Chief of the Libu, and founder of the 24th dynasty of Egypt. Tefnakht established his capital at Sais and was able to unify many of the cities of the Delta region. Also known as Tnephachthos.
Local King
25th dynasty
fl. c. early-7th century BC
Native king who ruled Sais during the 25th Nubian Dynasty of Egypt.
Queen
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-12th century BC
Probably the wife of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th dynasty.
Queen
21st dynasty
fl. c. mid-11th century BC
Wife of the 21st dynasty pharaoh Smendes. She was probably the daughter of Ramesses XI, last ruler of the 20th dynasty.
Queen
26th dynasty
fl. c. mid-6th century BC
Wife of Amasis II. Daughter of a priest of Ptah named Padineith. She was the mother of Pharaoh Psamtik III. Also known as Tanetkheta
Pharaoh
30th dynasty
fl. c. mid-4th century BC
30th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt (reigned 362 BC – 360 BC) who was overthrown by Nectanebo II with the aid of Agesilaus II of Sparta and was forced to flee to Persia. The Persian king Artaxerxes II gave him refuge and Teos lived in Persian exile until his death.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu, and Itet.
Pharaoh
6th dynasty
reigned c. 2345 BC – c. 2333 BC
First pharaoh of the 6th dynasty of Egypt. Teti was either murdered by his palace bodyguards in a harem plot or assassinated by the usurper Userkare. Also known by the name Othoes.
Temple Official
17th dynasty
16th century BC?
Egyptian official in Coptos during the reign of the Seventeenth Dynasty Pharaoh, Nubkheperre Intef. Known from the Coptos Decree, which deprives him of his office and its stipend for some act of sacrilege.
Queen
17th dynasty
fl. c. mid-16th century BC
Wife of pharaoh Senakhtenre Ahmose and the mother of Seqenenre Tao, Queen Ahhotep I and possibly Kamose.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Wife of Kheperkheprure Ay who was a pharaoh of Egypt's 18th dynasty.
Pharaoh
4th dynasty
fl. c. mid-25th century BC
Greek name of an Egyptian king of the 4th dynasty. His original Egyptian name is lost, but it may have been Djedefptah or Ptahdjedef.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
reigned c. 1506 BC – c. 1493 BC
During his reign, he campaigned deep into the Levant and Nubia, pushing the borders of Egypt further than ever before. He built many temples throughout Egypt and was the first pharaoh to build a tomb for himself in the Valley of the Kings. His name is sometimes written as Thothmes, Thutmosis or Tuthmosis I.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
reigned c. 1493 BC – c. 1479 BC
Son of Thutmose I and Queen Mutnofret. He built some minor monuments and initiated some minor campaigns. Thutmose II was probably strongly influenced by his wife and royal half-sister Hatshepsut.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
reigned c. 1479 BC – c. 1425 BC
During the early years of his reign, he was co-regent with his stepmother, Hatshepsut, who was named the pharaoh. After her death, he created the largest empire Egypt had ever seen. He conducted at least seventeen campaigns and he conquered lands from northern Syria to the fourth cataract of the Nile.
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
reigned c. 1401 BC – c. 1391 BC
Son of Amenhotep II and Tiaa. Known for the restoration of the Sphinx at Giza.
Prince
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Eldest son of pharaoh Amenhotep III and Queen Tiye. His apparent early death led to Akhenaten becoming the successor to Amenhotep III. Also known as Djhutmose.
Sculptor
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Official court sculptor of the Egyptian Pharaoh Akhenaten in the latter part of his reign. Also known as Djhutmose or Thutmosis
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BCE
Vizier during the reign of Amenhotep III, was the father of Ptahmose.
Vizier
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Vizier during the latter part of the reign of Ramesses II.
Princess
19th dynasty
fl. c. mid-13th century BC
Daughter of Pharaoh Seti I and Queen Tuya and the elder sister of Ramesses II. Married to a noble man also called Tia. Buried with her husband in Saqqara.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. late-15th century BC
Wife of Pharaoh Amenhotep II and the mother of Thutmose IV.
Queen
18th dynasty
fl. c. early to mid-14th century BC
Daughter of Yuya and Tjuyu. She was the Great Royal Wife of pharaoh Amenhotep III and matriarch of the Amarna family from which many members of the royal family of Ancient Egypt were to come.
Queen
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
Wife of Ramesses III. She instigated a failed "harem conspiracy" to kill the king and place Tiye's son Pentawer on the throne, instead of the appointed heir, who was the son of queen Iset Ta-Hemdjert.
Queen
20th dynasty
fl. c. early-12th century BC
Wife of Setnakhte and mother of Ramesses III. Her name is sometimes written as Teye-Merenaset or Tiye-Mereniset.
Prince and regent
30th dynasty
fl. 4th century BCE
Prince, regent of Egypt during the reign of his brother Teos, and father of the future pharaoh Nectanebo II.
Fourth Prophet of Amun
21st dynasty
fl. c. late-11th century BC
21st dynasty Egyptian priest. His father was Nesipaherenmut, the Fourth Prophet of Amun, his mother was Isetemheb. He married Gautseshen, the daughter of High Priest Menkheperre and Princess Isetemkheb.
Noble woman
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Egyptian noblewoman and the mother of queen Tiye, wife of pharaoh Amenhotep III. Also known as Thuya, Thuyu and Tuya.
Regent, Military Governor
Ptolemaic
fl. c. late-3rd century BC
Regent of Egypt during the reign of the boy king Ptolemy V. Tlepolemus was military governor of Pelusium when the regent Agathocles and his family were overthrown and killed in a popular uprising. Tlepolemus briefly took Agathocles' place as regent until he was replaced by Aristomenes of Alyzia.
Queen
Ptolemaic
c. 141 BC – 111 BC
Ptolemaic princess and Seleucid queen. She was the oldest daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII and Cleopatra III. She married the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII Grypus and was queen of Syria (124 BC – 111 BC).
Pharaoh
18th dynasty
c. 1341 – c. 1323 BC
Reigned c. 1333 BC – c. 1323 BC. He married his half sister, Ankhesenpaaten, who later changed her name to Ankhesenamun. He ended the worship of the god, Aten and restored the god Amun to supremacy. The capital of Egypt was moved back to Thebes.
Pharaoh
22nd dynasty
fl. c. early-9th century BC
22nd dynasty Libyan king of Egypt.
Official
18th dynasty
fl. c. 14th century BC
Egyptian official, was one of pharaoh's officials during the Amarna letters period.
Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. early-13th century BC
Wife of Pharaoh Seti I and mother of Ramesses II. Also known as Tuy and Mut-Tuya.
Pharaoh, Queen
19th dynasty
fl. c. early 12th century BC
Last pharaoh of the 19th Dynasty of Egypt. She was a royal wife of Seti II. She was regent to Seti's heir Siptah. When Siptah died, Twosret officially assumed the throne. Twosret's reign ended in a civil war leading to her successor Setnakhte founding the 20th dynasty. Also known as Tawosret and Tausret.
Queen
20th dynasty
fl. c. late-12th century BC
Egyptian queen of the 20th dynasty. She may have been married to Ramesses X.
U
Official
26th-27th dynasty
fl. c. late-6th century BCE
High official who made a remarkable career under Cambyses II and Darius I during the first Persian domination (27th dynasty).
Queen
6th dynasty
fl. c. 23rd or 24th century BC
Wife of Pharaoh Pepi II. Her name is also written as Wadjebten.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
reigned c. 2375 BC – c. 2345 BC
Last 5th dynasty pharaoh of Egypt. Unas may have had two queen consorts, Khenut and Nebit. His name is also written as Oenas, Unis, Wenis, or Ounas.
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Vizier of Egypt under Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis III. Also known as User and Amenuser.
Overseer of the Fields of Amun
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-15th century BC
Buried in the Valley of the Kings, in tomb KV45. He probably lived during the rule of Thutmose IV.
Pharaoh
5th dynasty
reigned c. 2498 BC – c. 2491 BC
First 5th dynasty king of Egypt. He started the tradition of building sun temples at Abusir. He constructed the Pyramid of Userkaf complex at Saqqara.
Pharaoh
6th dynasty
fl. c. 24th century BC
Considered to be either a usurper to the throne after Teti or he could have been a son of Teti and Queen Khuit.
Vizier
18th dynasty
fl. c. mid-14th century BC
Served during the reign of Pharaoh Tutankhamun.
W
Pharaoh
fl. c. 21st century BCE
Pharaoh likely of the 10th dynasty of Egypt controlling territories based around Herakleopolis.
Priest
5th dynasty
fl. 25th century BCE
High-ranking priest and official whose tomb was uncovered in 2018 in the Saqqara necropolis and was the subject of the Netflix documentary Secrets of the Saqqara Tomb.
Pharaoh
13th dynasty
fl. c. late-19th century BC
Egyptian king of the 13th Dynasty, also known as Ugaf.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Nefermaat, the eldest son of pharaoh Sneferu and Itet.
Official
21st dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BCE
General, high official and priest under pharaoh Psusennes I, known for his undisturbed tomb and its relative treasure at Tanis.
Pharaoh
2nd dynasty
fl. c. 28th century BC
Royal Nebti name of a pharaoh during the 2nd dynasty of Egypt. He is assumed to have been a king who ruled Egypt between Nynetjer and Khasekhemwy. He is also referred to as Wneg or Wadjnes or Tlas.
High Priest of Osiris
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th century BCE
High Priest of Osiris under pharaoh Ramesses II.
Court Official, General
6th dynasty
fl. c. late 24th to early 23rd centuries BC
Court official of the 6th dynasty of Egypt. He began his career under Teti, and served as a general under Pepi I Meryre and as governor of Upper Egypt during the reign of Merenre Nemtyemsaf I.
Viceroy of Kush
20th dynasty
fl. c. 12th century BC
Wentawat (also written as Wentawuat), was Viceroy of Kush under Ramesses IX. Wentawat was possibly a son of the Viceroy Hori II
Pharaoh
13th, 16th or Abydos dynasty
fl. c. 17th century BC
Poorly known pharaoh during the second intermediate period.
Prince
4th dynasty
fl. c. 26th century BC
Son of Prince Khufukhaf I and Nefertkau II, and a grandson of Khufu.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
fl. c. 1700 BC
Pharaoh of Canaanite descent reigning over the eastern Nile Delta during the second intermediate period.
Y
Pharaoh
14th or 16th dynasty
c. early-18th or 17th century BC
Possibly an early semitic pharaoh of the eastern Nile Delta during the second intermediate period. Alternatively a vassal of the Hyksos kings.
Pharaoh
14th dynasty
fl. c. 17th century BC
Semitic pharaoh of the eastern Nile Delta during the second intermediate period.
Pharaoh
14th or 16th dynasty
c. early-18th or 17th century BC
Possibly, an early semitic pharaoh of the eastern Nile Delta during the second intermediate period. Alternatively a vassal of the Hyksos kings.
Official
18th dynasty
fl. c. 14th century BC
Egyptian commissioner mentioned in the 1350-1335 BC Amarna letters correspondence. His name has also been read as Yenhamu, and Enhamu.
Pharaoh
14th or 15th dynasty
fl. c. late-17th century BC
Either a pharaoh of the 14th dynasty reigning over the eastern Nile Delta or a vassal of the Hyksos kings during Egypt's fragmented Second Intermediate Period.
Steward
19th dynasty
fl. c. early to mid-13th century BC
Official during the reign of pharaoh Ramesses II. He served as chief scribe of the court, the overseer of priests and royal steward. Yuni started building projects at Amara West and Aksha. His name is sometimes written as Iuny.
Master of the Horse
18th dynasty
fl. c. early-14th century BC
Egyptian courtier of the 18th dynasty of Egypt. He was the King's Lieutenant and Master of the Horse. He married Tjuyu who held high offices in governmental and religious hierarchies. Their daughter, Tiye, became queen to Amenhotep III. His name is sometimes written as Iouiya.
High Priest of Osiris
19th dynasty
fl. c. 13th-12th century BCE
High Priest of Osiris under Ramesses II and Merenptah, and a grandson of Wenennefer.
Z
Vizier
12th dynasty
c. 1800 BC
Also known as Samonth. Ancient Egyptian vizier who was in office at the end of the Twelfth Dynasty
Hittite Prince
18th dynasty
c. 14th century BC
(died c. 1324 BC) Son of Suppiluliuma I, king of the Hittites. He is best known for almost becoming the Pharaoh of Egypt and because his death caused a diplomatic incident between the Hittite Empire and Egypt, that resulted in warfare.
See also
Other articles including lists of ancient Egyptians:
Great Royal Wife (including list of title holders)
God's Wife of Amun (including list of title holders)
Notes and references
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